cubrid Utilities¶

cubrid Utility Logging¶

CUBRID supports logging feature for the execution result of cubrid utilities; for details, see cubrid Utility Logging.

createdb¶

The cubrid createdb utility creates databases and initializes them with the built-in CUBRID system tables. It can also define initial users to be authorized in the database and specify the locations of the logs and databases. In general, the cubrid createdb utility is used only by DBA.

cubrid createdb [options] database_name locale_name.charset

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• createdb: A command used to create a new database.
• database_name: Specifies a unique name for the database to be created, without including the path name to the directory where the database will be created. If the specified database name is the same as that of an existing database name, CUBRID halts creation of the database to protect existing files.
• locale_name: A locale name to use in the database should be input. For a locale name which can be used in CUBRID, refer to Step 1: Selecting a Locale.
• charset: A characterset to use in the database should be input. A character set which can be used in CUBRID is iso88591, euckr or utf8.
  • If locale_name is en_US and charset is omitted, a character set will be iso88591.
  • If locale_name is ko_KR and charset is omitted, a character set will be utf8.
  • All locale names except en_US and ko_KR cannot omit charset, and a charset can be specified only with utf8.

The maximum length of database name is 17 in English.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid createdb utility.

--db-volume-size=SIZE¶

This option specifies the size of the database volume that will be created first. The default value is the value of the system parameter db_volume_size. You can set units as K, M, G and T, which stand for kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB) respectively; if you omit the unit, bytes will be applied. The size of the database is always rounded up to 64 disk sectors, which depends on the size of a page and can be 16M, 32M or 64M for page size 4k, 8k and 16k respectively.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and assign 512 MB to its first volume.

cubrid createdb --db-volume-size=512M testdb en_US

--db-page-size=SIZE¶

This option specifies the size of the database page; the minimum value is 4K and the maximum value is 16K (default). K stands for kilobytes (KB). The value of page size is one of the following: 4K, 8K, or 16K. If a value between 4K and 16K is specified, system rounds up the number. If a value greater than 16K or less than 4K, the specified number is used.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and configure its page size 16K.

cubrid createdb --db-page-size=16K testdb en_US

--log-volume-size=SIZE¶

This option specifies the size of the database log volume. The default value is the same as database volume size, and the minimum value is 20M. You can set units as K, M, G and T, which stand for kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB) respectively. If you omit the unit, bytes will be applied.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and assign 256 MB to its log volume.

cubrid createdb --log-volume-size=256M testdb en_US

--log-page-size=SIZE¶

This option specifies the size of the log volume page. The default value is the same as data page size. The minimum value is 4K and the maximum value is 16K. K stands for kilobytes (KB). The value of page size is one of the following: 4K, 8K, or 16K. If a value between 4K and 16K is specified, system rounds up the number. If a value greater than 16K or less than 4K, the specified number is used.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and configure its log volume page size 8K.

cubrid createdb --log-page-size=8K testdb en_US

--comment=COMMENT¶

This option specifies a comment to be included in the database volume header. If the character string contains spaces, the comment must be enclosed in double quotes.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and add a comment to the database volume.

cubrid createdb --comment "a new database for study" testdb en_US

-F, --file-path=PATH¶

The -F option specifies an absolute path to a directory where the new database will be created. If the -F option is not specified, the new database is created in the current working directory.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb in the directory /dbtemp/new_db.

cubrid createdb -F "/dbtemp/new_db/" testdb en_US

-L, --log-path=PATH¶

The -L option specifies an absolute path to the directory where database log files are created. If the -L option is not specified, log files are created in the directory specified by the -F option. If neither -F nor -L option is specified, database log files are created in the current working directory.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb in the directory /dbtemp/newdb and log files in the directory /dbtemp/db_log.

cubrid createdb -F "/dbtemp/new_db/" -L "/dbtemp/db_log/" testdb en_US

-B, --lob-base-path=PATH¶

This option specifies a directory where LOB data files are stored when BLOB/CLOB data is used. If the --lob-base-path option is not specified, LOB data files are store in <location of database volumes created>/lob directory.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb in the working directory and specify /home/data1 of local file system as a location of LOB data files.

cubrid createdb --lob-base-path "file:/home1/data1" testdb en_US

--server-name=HOST¶

This option enables the server of a specific database to run in the specified host when CUBRID client/server is used. The information of a host specified is stored in the databases.txt file. If this option is not specified, the current localhost is specified by default.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and register it on the host aa_host.

cubrid createdb --server-name aa_host testdb en_US

-r, --replace¶

This option creates a new database and overwrites an existing database if one with the same name exists.

The following example shows how to create a new database named testdb and overwrite the existing database with the same name.

cubrid createdb -r testdb en_US

--more-volume-file=FILE¶

This option creates an additional volume based on the specification contained in the file specified by the option. The volume is created in the same directory where the database is created. Instead of using this option, you can add a volume by using the cubrid addvoldb utility.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb as well as an additional volume based on the specification stored in the vol_info.txt file.

cubrid createdb --more-volume-file vol_info.txt testdb en_US

The following is a specification of the additional volume contained in the vol_info.txt file. The specification of each volume must be written on a single line.

#xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
# NAME volname COMMENTS volcmnts PURPOSE volpurp NPAGES volnpgs
NAME data_v1 COMMENTS "data information volume" PURPOSE data NPAGES 1000
NAME data_v2 COMMENTS "data information volume" NPAGES 1000
NAME temp_v1 COMMENTS "temporary information volume" PURPOSE temp NPAGES 500
#xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

As shown in the example, the specification of each volume consists following.

[NAME volname] [COMMENTS volcmnts] [PURPOSE volpurp] NPAGES volnpgs

• volname: The name of the volume to be created. It must follow the UNIX file name conventions and be a simple name not including the directory path. The specification of a volume name can be omitted. If it is, the "database name to be created by the system_volume identifier" becomes the volume name.

• volcmnts: Comment to be written in the volume header. It contains information on the additional volume to be created. The specification of the comment on a volume can also be omitted.

• volpurp: The purpose for which the volume will be used. It can be either permanent data (default option) or temporary.

  Note

  For backward compatibility, all old keywords, data, index, temp, or generic are accepted. temp stands for temporary data purpose, while the rest stand for permanent data purpose.

• volnpgs: The number of pages of the additional volume to be created. The specification of the number of pages of the volume cannot be omitted; it must be specified. The actual volume size is rounded up to the next multiple of 64 sectors.

--user-definition-file=FILE¶

This option adds users who have access to the database to be created. It adds a user based on the specification contained in the user information file specified by the parameter. Instead of using the --user-definition-file option, you can add a user by using the CREATE USER statement (for details, see CREATE USER).

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and add users to testdb based on the user information defined in the user_info.txt file.

cubrid createdb --user-definition-file=user_info.txt testdb en_US

The syntax of a user information file is as follows:

USER user_name [ <groups_clause> | <members_clause> ]

<groups_clause>:
    [ GROUPS <group_name> [ { <group_name> }... ] ]

<members_clause>:
    [ MEMBERS <member_name> [ { <member_name> }... ] ]

• The user_name is the name of the user who has access to the database. It must not include spaces.
• The GROUPS clause is optional. The group_name is the upper level group that contains the user_name . Here, the group_name can be multiply specified and must be defined as USER in advance.
• The MEMBERS clause is optional. The member_name is the name of the lower level member that belongs to the user_name . Here, the member_name can be multiply specified and must be defined as USER in advance.

Comments can be used in a user information file. A comment line must begin with a consecutive hyphen lines (--). Blank lines are ignored.

The following example shows a user information in which grandeur and sonata are included in sedan group, tuscan is included in suv group, and i30 is included in hatchback group. The name of the user information file is user_info.txt.

--
-- Example 1 of a user information file
--
USER sedan
USER suv
USER hatchback
USER grandeur GROUPS sedan
USER sonata GROUPS sedan
USER tuscan GROUPS suv
USER i30 GROUPS hatchback

The following example shows a file that has the same user relationship information as the file above. The difference is that the MEMBERS statement is used in the file below.

--
-- Example 2 of a user information file
--
USER grandeur
USER sonata
USER tuscan
USER i30
USER sedan MEMBERS sonata grandeur
USER suv MEMBERS tuscan
USER hatchback MEMBERS i30

--csql-initialization-file=FILE¶

This option executes an SQL statement on the database to be created by using the CSQL Interpreter. A schema can be created based on the SQL statement contained in the file specified by the parameter.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and execute the SQL statement defined in table_schema.sql through the CSQL Interpreter.

cubrid createdb --csql-initialization-file table_schema.sql testdb en_US

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

This option stores messages related to the database creation to the file given as a parameter. The file is created in the same directory where the database was created. If the -o option is not specified, messages are displayed on the console screen. The -o option allows you to use information on the creation of a certain database by storing messages, generated during the database creation, to a specified file.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and store the output of the utility to the db_output file instead of displaying it on the console screen.

cubrid createdb -o db_output testdb en_US

-v, --verbose¶

This option displays all information on the database creation operation onto the screen. Like the -o option, this option is useful in checking information related to the creation of a specific database. Therefore, if you specify the -v option together with the -o option, you can store the output messages in the file given as a parameter; the messages contain the operation information about the cubrid createdb utility and database creation process.

The following example shows how to create a database named testdb and display detailed information on the operation onto the screen.

cubrid createdb -v testdb en_US

The following example shows how to create a database, with additional volumes, including one for temporary data purpose.

cubrid createdb --db-volume-size=512M --log-volume-size=256M cubriddb en_US
cubrid addvoldb -S -n cubriddb_DATA01 --db-volume-size=512M cubriddb
cubrid addvoldb -S -p temp -n cubriddb_TEMP01 --db-volume-size=512M cubriddb

addvoldb¶

If you want to micromanage CUBRID storage volumes, addvoldb is the tool for you. You can finely tune each file name, path, purpose, and size. The database system can handle all storage by itself, but it uses default values to configure each new volume.

The command for manually adding a database volume is as follows.

cubrid addvoldb [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for CUBRID service and database management.
• addvoldb: A command that adds a specified number of pages of the new volume to a specified database.
• database_name: Specifies the name of the database to which a volume is to be added without including the path name to the directory where the database is to be created.

The following example shows how to create a database, with additional multi-purpose volumes.

cubrid createdb --db-volume-size=512M --log-volume-size=256M cubriddb en_US
cubrid addvoldb -S -n cubriddb_DATA01 --db-volume-size=512M cubriddb
cubrid addvoldb -S -p temp -n cubriddb_TEMP01 --db-volume-size=512M cubriddb

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid addvoldb utility.

--db-volume-size=SIZE¶

--db-volume-size is an option that specifies the size of the volume to be added to a specified database. If the --db-volume-size option is omitted, the value of the system parameter db_volume_size is used by default. You can set units as K, M, G and T, which stand for kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB) respectively. If you omit the unit, bytes will be applied. The size of the database is always rounded up to 64 disk sectors, which depends on the size of a page and can be 16M, 32M or 64M for page size 4k, 8k and 16k respectively.

The following example shows how to add a volume for which 256 MB are assigned to the testdb database.

cubrid addvoldb --db-volume-size=256M testdb

-n, --volume-name=NAME¶

This option specifies the name of the volume to be added to a specified database. The volume name must follow the file name protocol of the operating system and be a simple one without including the directory path or spaces. If the -n option is omitted, the name of the volume to be added is configured by the system automatically as "database name_volume identifier". For example, if the database name is testdb, the volume name testdb_x001 is automatically configured.

The following example shows how to specify a different name, testdb_v1, to newly added volume.

cubrid addvoldb -n testdb_v1 testdb

-F, --file-path=PATH¶

This option specifies the directory path where the volume to be added will be stored. If the -F option is omitted, the value of the system parameter volume_extension_path is used by default.

The following example shows how to add a volume in the /dbtemp/addvol directory. Since the -n option is not specified for the volume name, the volume name testdb_x001 will be created.

cubrid addvoldb -F /dbtemp/addvol/ testdb

--comment COMMENT¶

This option facilitates to retrieve information on the added volume by adding such information in the form of comments. It is recommended that the contents of a comment include the name of DBA who adds the volume, or the purpose of adding the volume. The comment must be enclosed in double quotes.

The following example shows how to add a volume and inserts a comment with additional information.

cubrid addvoldb --comment "Data volume added by cheolsoo kim because permanent data space was almost depleted." testdb

-p, --purpose=PURPOSE¶

This option specifies the purpose of the volume to be added. The purpose defines the type of files that will be stored in added volume:

• PERMANENT DATA to store table rows, indexes and system files.
• TEMPORARY DATA to store intermediate and final results of query processing and sorting.

If not specified, the purpose of the volume is by default considered PERMANENT DATA. The following example shows how to change it to temporary.

cubrid addvoldb -p temp testdb

Note

PERMANENT DATA volumes used to be classified as generic, data and index. The design of volumes has been changed, and since then the classification no longer exists. In order to avoid invalidating your old scripts, we chose to keep the keywords as valid options, but their effect will be the same. The only remaining option value with a real effect is temp.

For detailed information on each purpose, see Database Volume Structure.

-S, --SA-mode¶

This option accesses the database in standalone mode without running the server process. This option has no parameter. If the -S option is not specified, the system assumes to be in client/server mode.

cubrid addvoldb -S --db-volume-size=256M testdb

-C, --CS-mode¶

This option accesses the database in client/server mode by running the server and the client separately. There is no parameter. Even when the -C option is not specified, the system assumes to be in client/server mode by default.

cubrid addvoldb -C --db-volume-size=256M testdb

--max-writesize-in-sec=SIZE¶

The --max-writesize-in-sec is used to limit the impact of system operating when you add a volume to the database. This can limit the maximum writing size per second. The unit of this option is K(kilobytes) and M(megabytes). The minimum value is 160K. If you set this value as less than 160K, it is changed as 160K. It can be used only in client/server mode.

The below is an example to limit the writing size of the 2GB volume as 1MB. Consuming time will be about 35 minutes(= (2048MB/1MB) /60 sec.).

cubrid addvoldb -C --db-volume-size=2G --max-writesize-in-sec=1M testdb

deletedb¶

The cubrid deletedb utility is used to delete a database. You must use the cubrid deletedb utility to delete a database, instead of using the file deletion commands of the operating system; a database consists of a few interdependent files.

The cubrid deletedb utility also deletes the information on the database from the database location file (databases.txt). The cubrid deletedb utility must be run offline, that is, in standalone mode when nobody is using the database.

cubrid deletedb  [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• deletedb: A command to delete a database, its related data, logs and all backup files. It can be executed successfully only when the database is in a stopped state.
• database_name: Specifies the name of the database to be deleted without including the path name.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid deletedb utility.

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

This option specifies the file name for writing messages:

cubrid deletedb -o deleted_db.out testdb

The cubrid deletedb utility also deletes the database information contained in the database location file (databases.txt). The following message is returned if you enter a utility that tries to delete a non-existing database.

cubrid deletedb testdb
Database "testdb" is unknown, or the file "databases.txt" cannot be accessed.

-d, --delete-backup¶

This option deletes database volumes, backup volumes and backup information files simultaneously. If the -d option is not specified, backup volume and backup information files are not deleted.

cubrid deletedb -d testdb

renamedb¶

The cubrid renamedb utility renames a database. The names of information volumes, log volumes and control files are also renamed to conform to the new database one.

In contrast, the cubrid alterdbhost utility configures or changes the host name of the specified database. In other words, it changes the host name configuration in the databases.txt file.

cubrid renamedb [options] src_database_name dest_database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• renamedb: A command that changes the existing name of a database to a new one. It executes successfully only when the database is in a stopped state. The names of related information volumes, log volumes and control files are also changed to new ones accordingly.
• src_database_name: The name of the existing database to be renamed. The path name to the directory where the database is to be created must not be included.
• dest_database_name: The new name of the database. It must not be the same as that of an existing database. The path name to the directory where the database is to be created must not be included.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid renamedb utility.

-E, --extended-volume-path=PATH¶

This option renames an extended volume created in a specific directory path (e.g. /dbtemp/addvol/), and then moves the volume to a new directory. This specifies a new directory path (e.g. /dbtemp/newaddvols/) where the renamed extended volume will be moved.

If it is not specified, the extended volume is only renamed in the existing path without being moved. If a directory path outside the disk partition of the existing database volume or an invalid one is specified, the rename operation is not executed. This option cannot be used together with the -i option.

cubrid renamedb -E /dbtemp/newaddvols/ testdb testdb_1

-i, --control-file=FILE¶

The option specifies an input file in which directory information is stored to change all database name of volumes or files and assign different directory at once. To perform this work, the -i option is used. The -i option cannot be used together with the -E option.

cubrid renamedb -i rename_path testdb testdb_1

The following are the syntax and example of a file that contains the name of each volume, the current directory path and the directory path where renamed volumes will be stored.

volid source_fullvolname dest_fullvolname

• volid: An integer that is used to identify each volume. It can be checked in the database volume control file (database_name_vinf).
• source_fullvolname: The current directory path to each volume.
• dest_fullvolname: The target directory path where renamed volumes will be moved. If the target directory path is invalid, the database rename operation is not executed.

-5  /home1/user/testdb_vinf       /home1/CUBRID/databases/testdb_1_vinf
-4  /home1/user/testdb_lginf      /home1/CUBRID/databases/testdb_1_lginf
-3  /home1/user/testdb_bkvinf     /home1/CUBRID/databases/testdb_1_bkvinf
-2  /home1/user/testdb_lgat       /home1/CUBRID/databases/testdb_1_lgat
 0  /home1/user/testdb            /home1/CUBRID/databases/testdb_1
 1  /home1/user/backup/testdb_x001/home1/CUBRID/databases/backup/testdb_1_x001

-d, --delete-backup¶

This option renames the testdb database and at once forcefully delete all backup volumes and backup information files that are in the same location as testdb. Note that you cannot use the backup files with the old names once the database is renamed. If the -d option is not specified, backup volumes and backup information files are not deleted.

cubrid renamedb -d testdb testdb_1

alterdbhost¶

The cubrid alterdbhost utility sets or changes the host name of the specified database. It changes the host name set in the databases.txt file.

cubrid alterdbhost [option] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management
• alterdbhost: A command used to change the host name of the current database

The following shows the option available with the cubrid alterdbhost utility.

-h, --host=HOST¶

The -h option specifies the host name to be changed. When this option is omitted, specifies the host name to localhost.

copydb¶

The cubrid copydb utility copy or move a database to another location. As arguments, source and target name of database must be given. A target database name must be different from a source database name. When the target name argument is specified, the location of target database name is registered in the databases.txt file.

The cubrid copydb utility can be executed only offline (that is, state of a source database stop).

cubrid copydb [options] src-database-name dest-database-name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• copydb: A command that copy or move a database from one to another location.
• src-database-name: The names of source and target databases to be copied or moved.
• dest-database-name: A new (target) database name.

If options are omitted, a target database is copied into the same directory of a source database.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid copydb utility.

--server-name=HOST¶

The --server-name option specifies a host name of new database. The host name is registered in the databases.txt file. If this option is omitted, a local host is registered.

cubrid copydb --server-name=cub_server1 demodb new_demodb

-F, --file-path=PATH¶

The -F option specifies a specific directory path where a new database volume is stored with an -F option. It represents specifying an absolute path. If the specified directory does not exist, an error is displayed. If this option is omitted, a new database volume is created in the current working directory. And this information is specified in vol-path of the databases.txt file.

cubrid copydb -F /home/usr/CUBRID/databases demodb new_demodb

-L, --log-path=PATH¶

The -L option specifies a specific directory path where a new database volume is stored with an -L option. It represents specifying an absolute path. If the specified directory does not exist, an error is displayed. If this option is omitted, a new database volume is created in the current working directory. And this information is specified in log-path of the databases.txt file.

cubrid copydb -L /home/usr/CUBRID/databases/logs demodb new_demodb

-E, --extended-volume-path=PATH¶

The -E option specifies a specific directory path where a new database extended volume is stored with an -E. If this option is omitted, a new database extended volume is created in the location of a new database volume or in the registered path of controlling file. The -i option cannot be used with this option.

cubrid copydb -E home/usr/CUBRID/databases/extvols demodb new_demodb

-i, --control-file=FILE¶

The -i option specifies an input file where a new directory path information and a source volume are stored to copy or move multiple volumes into a different directory, respectively. This option cannot be used with the -E option. An input file named copy_path is specified in the example below.

cubrid copydb -i copy_path demodb new_demodb

The following is an example of input file that contains each volume name, current directory path, and new directory and volume names.

# volid   source_fullvolname   dest_fullvolname
0 /usr/databases/demodb        /drive1/usr/databases/new_demodb
1 /usr/databases/demodb_data1  /drive1/usr/databases/new_demodb_data1
2 /usr/databases/ext/demodb_ext1 /drive2//usr/databases/new_demodb_ext1
3 /usr/databases/ext/demodb_ext2  /drive2/usr/databases/new_demodb_ext2

• volid: An integer that is used to identify each volume. It can be checked in the database volume control file (database_name_vinf).
• source_fullvolname: The current directory path to each source database volume.
• dest_fullvolname: The target directory path where new volumes will be stored. You should specify a valid path.

-r, --replace¶

If the -r option is specified, a new database name overwrites the existing database name if it is identical, instead of outputting an error.

cubrid copydb -r -F /home/usr/CUBRID/databases demodb new_demodb

-d, --delete-source¶

If the -d option is specified, a source database is deleted after the database is copied. This execution brings the same the result as executing cubrid deletedb utility after copying a database. Note that if a source database contains LOB data, LOB file directory path of a source database is copied into a new database and it is registered in the lob-base-path of the databases.txt file.

cubrid copydb -d -F /home/usr/CUBRID/databases demodb new_demodb

--copy-lob-path=PATH¶

If the --copy-lob-path option is specified, a new directory path for LOB files is created and a source database is copied into a new directory path. If this option is omitted, the directory path is not created. Therefore, the lob-base-path of the databases.txt file should be modified separately. This option cannot be used with the -B option.

cubrid copydb --copy-lob-path demodb new_demodb

-B, --lob-base-path=PATH¶

If the -B option is specified, a specified directory is specified as for LOB files of a new database and a source database is copied. This option cannot be used with the --copy-lob-path option.

cubrid copydb -B /home/usr/CUBRID/databases/new_lob demodb new_demodb

installdb¶

The cubrid installdb utility is used to register the information of a newly installed database to databases.txt, which stores database location information. The execution of this utility does not affect the operation of the database to be registered.

cubrid installdb [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• installdb: A command that registers the information of a moved or copied database to databases.txt.
• database_name: The name of database to be registered to databases.txt.

If no [options] are used, the command must be executed in the directory where the corresponding database exists.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid installdb utility.

--server-name=HOST¶

This option registers the server host information of a database to databases.txt with a specific host name. If this is not specified, the current host information is registered.

cubrid installdb --server-name=cub_server1 testdb

-L, --log-path=PATH¶

This option registers the absolute directory path of a database log volume to databases.txt by using the -L option. If this option is not specified, the directory path of a volume is registered.

cubrid installdb -L /home/cubrid/CUBRID/databases/logs/testdb testdb

backupdb¶

A database backup is the procedure of storing CUBRID database volumes, control files and log files, and it is executed by using the cubrid backupdb utility or the CUBRID Manager. DBA must regularly back up the database so that the database can be properly restored in the case of storage media or file errors. The restore environment must have the same operating system and the same version of CUBRID as the backup environment. For such a reason, you must perform a backup in a new environment immediately after migrating a database to a new version.

To recover all database pages, control files and the database to the state at the time of backup, the cubrid backupdb utility copies all necessary log records.

cubrid backupdb [options] database_name[@hostname]

• @hostname: It is omitted when you do backup in standalone mode. If you do backup on the HA environment, specify "@hostname" after the database name. hostname is a name specified in $CUBRID_DATABASES/databases.txt. If you want to setup a local server, you can specify it as "@localhost".

The following shows options available with the cubrid backupdb utility (options are case sensitive).

-D, --destination-path=PATH¶

The following shows how to use the -D option to store backup files in the specified directory. The backup file directory must be specified before performing this job. If the -D option is not specified, backup files are stored in the log directory specified in the databases.txt file which stores database location information.

cubrid backupdb -D /home/cubrid/backup demodb

The following shows how to store backup files in the current directory by using the -D option. If you enter a period (.) following the -D option as an argument, the current directory is specified.

cubrid backupdb -D . demodb

-r, --remove-archive¶

Writes an active log to a new archive log file when the active log is full. If a backup is performed in such a situation and backup volumes are created, backup logs created before the backup will not be used in subsequent backups. The -r option is used to remove archive log files that will not be used anymore in subsequent backups after the current one is complete. The -r option only removes unnecessary archive log files that were created before backup, and does not have any impact on backup; however, if an administrator removes the archive log file after a backup, it may become impossible to restore everything. For this reason, archive logs should be removed only after careful consideration.

If you perform an incremental backup (backup level 1 or 2) with the -r option, there is the risk that normal recovery of the database will be impossible later on. Therefore, it is recommended that the -r option only be used when a full backup is performed.

cubrid backupdb -r demodb

-l, --level=LEVEL¶

The following shows how to execute an incremental backup of the level specified by using the -l option. If the -l option is not specified, a full backup is performed. For details on backup levels, see Incremental Backup .

cubrid backupdb -l 1 demodb

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

The following shows how to write the progress of the database backup to the info_backup file by using the -o option.

cubrid backupdb -o info_backup demodb

The following shows the contents of the info_backup file. You can check the information on the number of threads, compression method, backup start time, the number of permanent volumes, backup progress and backup end time.

[ Database(demodb) Full Backup start ]
- num-threads: 1
- compression method: NONE
- backup start time: Mon Jul 21 16:51:51 2008
- number of permanent volumes: 1
- backup progress status
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 volume name                  | # of pages | backup progress status    | done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 demodb_vinf                  |          1 | ######################### | done
 demodb                       |      25000 | ######################### | done
 demodb_lginf                 |          1 | ######################### | done
 demodb_lgat                  |      25000 | ######################### | done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# backup end time: Mon Jul 21 16:51:53 2008
[Database(demodb) Full Backup end]

-S, --SA-mode¶

The following shows how to perform backup in standalone mode (that is, backup offline) by using the -S option. If the -S option is not specified, the backup is performed in client/server mode.

cubrid backupdb -S demodb

-C, --CS-mode¶

The following shows how to perform backup in client/server mode by using the -C option and the demodb database is backed up online. If the -C option is not specified, a backup is performed in client/server mode.

cubrid backupdb -C demodb

--no-check¶

The following shows how to execute backup without checking the consistency of the database by using the --no-check option.

cubrid backupdb --no-check demodb

-t, --thread-count=COUNT¶

The following shows how to execute parallel backup with the number of threads specified by the administrator by using the -t option. Even when the argument of the -t option is not specified, a parallel backup is performed by automatically assigning as many threads as CPUs in the system.

cubrid backupdb -t 4 demodb

-z, --compress¶

The following shows how to compress the database and stores it in the backup file by using the -z option. The size of the backup file and the time required for backup can be reduced by using the -z option.

cubrid backupdb -z demodb

-e, --except-active-log¶

The following shows how to execute backup excluding active logs of the database by using the -e option. You can reduce the time required for backup by using the -e option. However, extra caution is required because active logs needed for completing a restore to the state of a certain point from the backup point are not included in the backup file, which may lead to an unsuccessful restore.

cubrid backupdb -e demodb

--sleep-msecs=NUMBER¶

This option allows you to specify the interval of idle time during the database backup. The default value is 0 in milliseconds. The system becomes idle for the specified amount of time whenever it reads 1 MB of data from a file. This option is used to reduce the performance degradation of an active server during a live backup. The idle time will prevent excessive disk I/O operations.

cubrid backupdb --sleep-msecs=5 demodb

Backup Strategy and Method¶

The following must be considered before performing a backup:

• Selecting the data to be backed up
  • Determine whether it is valid data worth being preserved.
  • Determine whether to back up the entire database or only part of it.
  • Check whether there are other files to be backed up along with the database.
• Choosing a backup method
  • Choose the backup method from one of incremental and online backups. Also, specify whether to use compression backup, parallel backup, and mode.
  • Prepare backup tools and devices available.
• Determining backup time
  • Identify the time when the least usage in the database occur.
  • Check the size of the archive logs.
  • Check the number of clients using the database to be backed up.

Online Backup

An online backup (or a hot backup) is a method of backing up a currently running database. It provides a snapshot of the database image at a certain point in time. Because the backup target is a currently running database, it is likely that uncommitted data will be stored and the backup may affect the operation of other databases.

To perform an online backup, use the cubrid backupdb -C command.

Offline Backup

An offline backup (or a cold backup) is a method of backing up a stopped database. It provides a snapshot of the database image at a certain point in time.

To perform an offline backup, use the cubrid backupdb -S command.

Incremental Backup

An incremental backup, which is dependent upon a full backup, is a method of only backing up data that have changed since the last backup. This type of backup has an advantage of requiring less volume and time than a full backup. CUBRID supports backup levels 0, 1 and 2. A higher level backup can be performed sequentially only after a lower lever backup is complete.

To perform an incremental backup, use the cubrid backupdb -l LEVEL command.

The following example shows incremental backup. Let's example backup levels in details.

• Full backup (backup level 0) : Backup level 0 is a full backup that includes all database pages.

The level of a backup which is attempted first on the database naturally becomes a 0 level. DBA must perform full backups regularly to prepare for restore situations. In the example, full backups were performed on December 31st and January 5th.

• First incremental backup (backup level 1) : Backup level 1 is an incremental backup that only stores changes since the level 0 full backup, and is called a "first incremental backup."

Note that the first incremental backups are attempted sequentially such as <1-1>, <1-2> and <1-3> in the example, but they are always performed based on the level 0 full backup.

Suppose that backup files are created in the same directory. If the first incremental backup <1-1> is performed on January 1st and then the first incremental backup <1-2> is attempted again on January 2nd, the incremental backup file created in <1-1> is overwritten. The final incremental backup file is created on January 3rd because the first incremental backup is performed again on that day.

Since there can be a possibility that the database needs to be restored the state of January 1st or January 2nd, it is recommended for DBA to store the incremental backup files <1-1> and <1-2> separately in storage media before overwriting with the final incremental file.

• Second incremental backup (backup level 2) : Backup level 2 is an incremental backup that only stores data that have changed since the first incremental backup, and is called a "second incremental backup."

A second incremental backup can be performed only after the first incremental backup. Therefore, the second incremental backup attempted on January fourth succeeds; the one attempted on January sixth fails.

Backup files created for backup levels 0, 1 and 2 may all be required for database restore. To restore the database to its state on January fourth, for example, you need the second incremental backup generated at <2-1>, the first incremental backup file generated at <1-3>, and the full backup file generated at <0-1>. That is, for a full restore, backup files from the most recent incremental backup file to the earliest created full backup file are required.

Compress Backup

A compress backup is a method of backing up the database by compressing it. This type of backup reduces disk I/O costs and stores disk space because it requires less backup volume.

To perform a compress backup, use the cubrid backupdb -z | --compress command.

Parallel Backup Mode

A parallel or multi-thread backup is a method of performing as many backups as the number of threads specified. In this way, it reduces backup time significantly. Basically, threads are given as many as the number of CPUs in the system.

To perform a parallel backup, use the cubrid backupdb -t | --thread-count command.

******************************************************************
Backup destination is full, a new destination is required to continue:
Database Name: /local1/testing/demodb
     Volume Name: /dev/rst1
        Unit Num: 1
    Backup Level: 0 (FULL LEVEL)
Enter one of the following options:
Type
   -  0 to quit.
   -  1 to continue after the volume is mounted/loaded. (retry)
   -  2 to continue after changing the volume's directory or device.
******************************************************************

restoredb¶

A database restore is the procedure of restoring the database to its state at a certain point in time by using the backup files, active logs and archive logs which have been created in an environment of the same CUBRID version. To perform a database restore, use the cubrid restoredb utility or the CUBRID Manager.

The cubrid restoredb utility restores the database from the database backup by using the information written to all the active and archive logs since the execution of the last backup.

cubrid restoredb [options] database_name

If no option is specified, a database is restored to the point of the last commit by default. If no active/archive log files are required to restore to the point of the last commit, the database is restored only to the point of the last backup.

cubrid restoredb demodb

The following table shows options available with the cubrid restoredb utility (options are case sensitive).

-d, --up-to-date=DATE¶

A database can be restored to the given point by the date-time specified by the -d option. The user can specify the restoration point manually in the dd-mm-yyyy:hh:mi:ss (e.g. 14-10-2008:14:10:00) format. If no active log/archive log files are required to restore to the point specified, the database is restored only to the point of the last backup.

cubrid restoredb -d 14-10-2008:14:10:00 demodb

If the user specifies the restoration point by using the backuptime keyword, it restores a database to the point of the last backup.

cubrid restoredb -d backuptime demodb

--list¶

This option displays information on backup files of a database; restoration procedure is not performed. This option is available even if the database is working, from CUBRID 9.3.

cubrid restoredb --list demodb

The following example shows how to display backup information by using the --list option. You can specify the path to which backup files of the database are originally stored as well as backup levels.

*** BACKUP HEADER INFORMATION ***
Database Name: /local1/testing/demodb
 DB Creation Time: Mon Oct 1 17:27:40 2008
         Pagesize: 4096
Backup Level: 1 (INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1)
        Start_lsa: 513|3688
         Last_lsa: 513|3688
Backup Time: Mon Oct 1 17:32:50 2008
 Backup Unit Num: 0
Release: 8.1.0
     Disk Version: 8
Backup Pagesize: 4096
Zip Method: 0 (NONE)
        Zip Level: 0 (NONE)
Previous Backup level: 0 Time: Mon Oct 1 17:31:40 2008
(start_lsa was -1|-1)
Database Volume name: /local1/testing/demodb_vinf
     Volume Identifier: -5, Size: 308 bytes (1 pages)
Database Volume name: /local1/testing/demodb
     Volume Identifier: 0, Size: 2048000 bytes (500 pages)
Database Volume name: /local1/testing/demodb_lginf
     Volume Identifier: -4, Size: 165 bytes (1 pages)
Database Volume name: /local1/testing/demodb_bkvinf
     Volume Identifier: -3, Size: 132 bytes (1 pages)

With the backup information displayed by using the --list option, you can check that backup files have been created at the backup level 1 as well as the point where the full backup of backup level 0 has been performed. Therefore, to restore the database in the example, you must prepare backup files for backup levels 0 and 1.

-B, --backup-file-path=PATH¶

You can specify the directory where backup files are to be located by using the -B option. If this option is not specified, the system retrieves the backup information file (dbname _bkvinf) generated upon a database backup; the backup information file in located in the log-path directory specified in the database location information file (databases.txt). And then it searches the backup files in the directory path specified in the backup information file. However, if the backup information file has been damaged or the location information of the backup files has been deleted, the system will not be able to find the backup files. Therefore, the administrator must manually specify the directory where the backup files are located by using the -B option.

cubrid restoredb -B /home/cubrid/backup demodb

If the backup files of a database is in the current directory, the administrator can specify the directory where the backup files are located by using the -B option.

cubrid restoredb -B . demodb

-l, --level=LEVEL¶

You can perform restoration by specifying the backup level of the database to 0, 1, or 2. For details on backup levels, see Incremental Backup .

cubrid restoredb -l 1 demodb

-p, --partial-recovery¶

You can perform partial restoration without requesting for the user's response by using the -p option. If active or archive logs written after the backup point are not complete, by default the system displays a request message informing that log files are needed and prompting the user to enter an execution option. The partial restoration can be performed directly without such a request message by using the -p option. Therefore, if the -p option is used when performing restoration, data is always restored to the point of the last backup.

cubrid restoredb -p demodb

When the -p option is not specified, the message requesting the user to select the execution option is as follows:

***********************************************************
Log Archive /home/cubrid/test/log/demodb_lgar002
 is needed to continue normal execution.
   Type
   -  0 to quit.
   -  1 to continue without present archive. (Partial recovery)
   -  2 to continue after the archive is mounted/loaded.
   -  3 to continue after changing location/name of archive.
***********************************************************

• Option 0: Stops restoring
• Option 1: Performing partial restoration without log files.
• Option 2: Performing restoration after locating a log to the current device.
• Option 3: Resuming restoration after changing the location of a log

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

The following syntax shows how to write the restoration progress of a database to the info_restore file by using the -o option.

cubrid restoredb -o info_restore demodb

-u, --use-database-location-path¶

This option restores a database to the path specified in the database location file(databases.txt). The -u option is useful when you perform a backup on server A and store the backup file on server B.

cubrid restoredb -u demodb

NOTIFICATION messages, log recovery starting time and ending time are written into the server error log file or the restoredb error log file when database server is started or backup volume is restored; so you can check the elapsed time of these operations. In this message, the number of log records to be applied(redo) and the number of log pages are written together.

Time: 06/14/13 21:29:04.059 - NOTIFICATION *** file ../../src/transaction/log_recovery.c, line 748 CODE = -1128 Tran = -1, EID = 1
Log recovery is started. The number of log records to be applied: 96916. Log page: 343 ~ 5104.
.....
Time: 06/14/13 21:29:05.170 - NOTIFICATION *** file ../../src/transaction/log_recovery.c, line 843 CODE = -1129 Tran = -1, EID = 4
Log recovery is finished.

Restoring Database to Different Server¶

The following shows how to back up demodb on server A and restore it on server B with the backed up files.

Backup and Restore Environments

Suppose that demodb is backed up in the /home/cubrid/db/demodb directory on server A and restored into /home/cubrid/data/demodb on server B.

1. Backing up on server A

   Back up demodb on server A. If a backup has been performed earlier, you can perform an incremental backup for data only that have changed since the last backup. The directory where the backup files are created, if not specified in the -D option, is created by default in the location where the log volume is stored. The following is a backup command with recommended options. For details on the options, see backupdb .

   cubrid backupdb -z demodb
   

2. Editing the database location file on Server B

   Unlike a general scenario where a backup and restore are performed on the same server, in a scenario where backup files are restored using a different server, you need to add the location information on database restore in the database location file (databases.txt) on server B. In the diagram above, it is supposed that demodb is restored in the /home/cubrid/data/demodb directory on server B (hostname: pmlinux); edit the location information file accordingly and create the directory on server B.

   Put the database location information in one single line. Separate each item with a space. The line should be written in [database name]. [data volume path] [host name] [log volume path] format; that is, write the location information of demodb as follows:

   demodb /home/cubrid/data/demodb pmlinux /home/cubrid/data/demodb
   

3. Transferring backup files to server B

   For a restore, you must prepare backup files. Therefore, transfer a backup file (e.g. demodb_bk0v000) from server A to server B. That is, a backup file must be located in a directory (e.g. /home/cubrid/temp) on server B.

   Note

   If you want to restore until the current time after the backup, logs after backup, that is, an active log (e.g. demodb_lgat) and archive logs (e.g. demodb_lgar000) are additionally required to copy.

   An active log and archive logs should be located to the log directory of the database to be restored; that is, the directory of log files specified in $CUBRID/databases/databases.txt. (e.g. $CUBRID/databases/demodb/log)

   Also, if you want to apply the added logs after backup, archive logs should be copied before they are removed. By the way, the default of log_max_archives, which is a system parameter related to delete archive logs, is 0; therefore, archive logs after backup can be deleted. To prevent this situation, the value of log_max_archives should be big enough. See log_max_archives.

4. Restoring the database on server B

   Perform database restore by calling the cubrid restoredb utility from the directory into which the backup files which were transferred to server B had been stored. With the -u option, demodb is restored in the directory path from the databases.txt file.

   cubrid restoredb -u demodb
   

   To call the cubrid restoredb utility from a different path, specify the directory path to the backup file by using the -B option as follows:

   cubrid restoredb -u -B /home/cubrid/temp demodb
   

unloaddb¶

The purposes of loading/unloading databases are as follows:

• To rebuild databases by volume reconfiguration
• To migrate database in different system environments
• To migrate database in different versions

cubrid unloaddb [options] database_name

cubrid unloaddb utility creates the following files:

• Schema file(database-name_schema): A file that contains information on the schema defined in the database.
• Object file(database-name_objects): A file that contains information on the records in the database.
• Index file(database-name_indexes): A file that contains information on the indexes defined in the database.
• Trigger file(database-name_trigger): A file that contains information on the triggers defined in the database. If you don't want triggers to be running while loading the data, load the trigger definitions after the data loading has completed.

The schema, object, index, and trigger files are created in the same directory.

The following is [options] used in cubrid unloaddb.

-u, --user=ID¶

Specify a user account of a database to be unloaded. If this is not specified, the default is DBA.

cubrid unloaddb -u dba -i table_list.txt demodb

-p, --password=PASS¶

Specify a user's password of a database to be unloaded. If this is not specified, it is regarded as the empty string is entered.

cubrid unloaddb -u dba -p dba_pwd -i table_list.txt demodb

-i, --input-class-file FILE¶

Unload all schema and index of all tables; however, only the data of specified tables in this file are unloaded.

cubrid unloaddb -i table_list.txt demodb

The following example shows an input file (table_list.txt).

table_1
table_2
..
table_n

If this option is used together with the --input-class-only option, it creates schema, index, and data files of tables only specified in the input file of -i option.

cubrid unloaddb --input-class-only -i table_list.txt demodb

If this option is used together with the --include-reference option, it unloads the referenced tables as well.

cubrid unloaddb --include-reference -i table_list.txt demodb

--include-reference¶

This option is used together with the -i option, and also unloads the referenced tables.

--input-class-only¶

This option is used together with the -i option, and creates only a schema file of tables specified in the input file of -i option.

--estimated-size=NUMBER¶

This option allows you to assign hash memory to store records of the database to be unloaded. If the --estimated-size option is not specified, the number of records of the database is determined based on recent statistics information. This option can be used if the recent statistics information has not been updated or if a large amount of hash memory needs to be assigned. Therefore, if the number given as the argument for the option is too small, the unload performance deteriorates due to hash conflicts.

cubrid unloaddb --estimated-size=1000 demodb

--cached-pages=NUMBER¶

The --cached-pages option specifies the number of pages of tables to be cached in the memory. Each page is 4,096 bytes. The administrator can configure the number of pages taking into account the memory size and speed. If this option is not specified, the default value is 100 pages.

cubrid unloaddb --cached-pages 500 demodb

-O, --output-path=PATH¶

This option specifies the directory in which to create schema and object files. If this is not specified, files are created in the current directory.

cubrid unloaddb -O ./CUBRID/Databases/demodb demodb

If the specified directory does not exist, the following error message will be displayed.

unloaddb: No such file or directory.

-s, --schema-only¶

This option specifies that only the schema file will be created from amongst all the output files which can be created by the unload operation.

cubrid unloaddb -s demodb

-d, --data-only¶

This option specifies that only the data file will be created from amongst all of the output files which can be created by the unload operation.

cubrid unloaddb -d demodb

--output-prefix=PREFIX¶

This option specifies the prefix for the names of schema and object files created by the unload operation. Once the example is executed, the schema file name becomes abcd_schema and the object file name becomes abcd_objects. If the --output-prefix option is not specified, the name of the database to be unloaded is used as the prefix.

cubrid unloaddb --output-prefix abcd demodb

--hash-file=FILE¶

This option specifies the name of the hash file.

-v, --verbose¶

This option displays detailed information on the database tables and records being unloaded while the unload operation is under way.

cubrid unloaddb -v demodb

--use-delimiter¶

This option writes the double quote(") on the beginning and end of an identifier. The default is not to write the double quote(").

-S, --SA-mode¶

The -S option performs the unload operation by accessing the database in standalone mode.

cubrid unloaddb -S demodb

-C, --CS-mode¶

The -C option performs the unload operation by accessing the database in client/server mode.

cubrid unloaddb -C demodb

--datafile-per-class¶

This option specifies that the output file generated through unload operation creates a data file per each table. The file name is generated as <Database Name>_<Table Name>_ objects for each table. However, all column values in object types are unloaded as NULL and %id class_name class_id part is not written in the unloaded file (see How to Write Files to Load Database).

cubrid unloaddb --datafile-per-class demodb

loaddb¶

You can load a database by using the cubrid loaddb utility in the following situations:

• Migrating previous version of CUBRID database to new version of CUBRID database
• Migrating a third-party DBMS database to a CUBRID database
• Inserting massive amount of data faster than using the INSERT statement

In general, the cubrid loaddb utility uses files (schema definition, object input, and index definition files) created by the cubrid unloaddb utility.

cubrid loaddb [options] database_name

Input Files

• Schema file(database-name_schema): A file generated by the unload operation; it contains schema information defined in the database.
• Object file(database-name_objects): A file created by an unload operation. It contains information on the records in the database.
• Index file(database-name_indexes): A file created by an unload operation. It contains information on the indexes defined in the database.
• Trigger file(database-name_trigger): A file created by an unload operation. It contains information on the triggers defined in the database.
• User-defined object file(user_defined_object_file): A file in table format written by the user to enter mass data. (For details, see How to Write Files to Load Database .)

The following table shows [options] available with the cubrid loaddb utility.

-u, --user=ID¶

This option specifies the user account of a database where records are loaded. If the option is not specified, the default value is PUBLIC.

cubrid loaddb -u admin -d demodb_objects newdb

-p, --password=PASS¶

This option specifies the password of a database user who will load records. If the option is not specified, you will be prompted to enter the password.

cubrid loaddb -p admin -d demodb_objects newdb

--data-file-check-only¶

This option checks only the syntax of the data contained in demodb_objects, and does not load the data to the database.

cubrid loaddb --data-file-check-only -d demodb_objects newdb

-l, --load-only¶

This option loads data directly without checking the syntax of the data to be loaded. If the -l option is used, loading speed increases because data is loaded without checking the syntax included in demodb_objects, but an error might occur.

cubrid loaddb -l -d demodb_objects newdb

--estimated-size=NUMBER¶

This option can be used to improve loading performance when the number of records to be unloaded exceeds the default value of 5,000. You can improve the load performance by assigning large hash memory for record storage with this option.

cubrid loaddb --estimated-size 8000 -d demodb_objects newdb

-v, --verbose¶

This option shows how to display detailed information on the tables and records of the database being loaded while the database loading operation is performed. You can check the detailed information such as the progress, the class being loaded and the number of records to be entered.

cubrid loaddb -v -d demodb_objects newdb

-c, --periodic-commit=COUNT¶

This option commits periodically every time COUNT records are entered into the database. If this option is not specified, all records included in demodb_objects are loaded to the database before the transaction is committed. If this option is used together with the -s or -i option, commit is performed periodically every time 100 DDL statements are loaded.

The recommended commit interval varies depending on the data to be loaded. It is recommended that the parameter of the -c option be configured to 50 for schema loading, 1,000 for record loading, and 1 for index loading.

cubrid loaddb -c 100 -d demodb_objects newdb

--no-oid¶

The following is a command that loads records into newdb ignoring the OIDs in demodb_objects.

cubrid loaddb --no-oid -d demodb_objects newdb

--no-statistics¶

The following is a command that does not update the statistics information of newdb after loading demodb_objects. It is useful especially when small data is loaded to a relatively big database; you can improve the load performance by using this command.

cubrid loaddb --no-statistics -d demodb_objects newdb

-s, --schema-file=FILE[:LINE]¶

This option loads the schema information or the trigger information defined in the schema file or the trigger file, from the LINE-th. You can load the actual records after loading the schema information first by using the -s option.

On the following example, demodb_schema is a file created by the unload operation and contains the schema information of the unloaded database.

    cubrid loaddb -u dba -s demodb_schema newdb

    Start schema loading.
    Total       86 statements executed.
    Schema loading from demodb_schema finished.
    Statistics for Catalog classes have been updated.

The following loads the triggers defined in *demodb* into the newly created newdb database. demodb_trigger is a file created by the unload operation and contains the trigger information of the unloaded database. It is recommended to load the schema information after loading the records. ::

    cubrid loaddb -u dba -s demodb_trigger newdb

-i, --index-file=FILE[:LINE]¶

The following loads the index information defined in the index file, from the LINE-th. On the following example, demo_indexes is a file created by the unload operation and contains the index information of the unloaded database. You can create indexes with the -i option, after loading records with the -d option.

cubrid loaddb -c 100 -d demodb_objects newdb
cubrid loaddb -u dba -i demodb_indexes newdb

-d, --data-file=FILE¶

This option loads the record information into newdb by specifying the data file or the user-defined object file. demodb_objects is either an object file created by the unload operation or a user-defined object file written by the user for mass data loading.

cubrid loaddb -u dba -d demodb_objects newdb

-t, --table=TABLE¶

This option specifies the table name if a table name header is omitted in the data file to be loaded.

cubrid loaded -u dba -d demodb_objects -t tbl_name newdb

--error-control-file=FILE¶

This option specifies the file that describes how to handle specific errors occurring during database loading.

cubrid loaddb --error-control-file=error_test -d demodb_objects newdb

For the server error code name, see the $CUBRID/include/dbi.h file.

For error messages by error code (error number), see the number under $set 5 MSGCAT_SET_ERROR in the $CUBRID/msg/<character set name>/cubrid.msg file.

vi $CUBRID/msg/en_US/cubrid.msg

$set 5 MSGCAT_SET_ERROR
1 Missing message for error code %1$d.
2 Internal system failure: no more specific information is available.
3 Out of virtual memory: unable to allocate %1$ld memory bytes.
4 Has been interrupted.
...
670 Operation would have caused one or more unique constraint violations.
...

The format of a file that details specific errors is as follows:

• -<error code>: Configures to ignore the error that corresponds to the <error code> (loaddb is continuously executed even when an error occurs while it is being executed).
• +<error code>: Configures not to ignore the error that corresponds to the <error code> (loaddb is stopped when an error occurs while it is being executed).
• +DEFAULT: Configures not to ignore errors from 24 to 33.

If the file that details errors is not specified by using the --error-control-file option, the loaddb utility is configured to ignore errors from 24 to 33 by default. As a warning error, it indicates that there is no enough space in the database volume. If there is no space in the assigned database volume, a generic volume is automatically created.

The following example shows a file that details errors.

• The warning errors from 24 to 33 indicating DB volume space is insufficient are not ignored by configuring +DEFAULT.

• The error code 2 is not ignored because +2 has been specified later, even when -2 has been specified first.

• -670 has been specified to ignore the error code 670, which is a unique violation error.

• #-115 has been processed as a comment since # is added.

  vi error_file
  
  +DEFAULT
  -2
  -670
  #-115 --> comment
  +2
  

--ignore-class-file=FILE¶

You can specify a file that lists classes to be ignored during loading records. All records of classes except ones specified in the file will be loaded.

cubrid loaddb --ignore-class-file=skip_class_list -d demodb_objects newdb

-- This is a comment!

spacedb¶

The cubrid spacedb utility is used to check how much space of database volumes is being used. The tool can show brief aggregated information on database space usage, or detailed descriptions of all volumes and files in use, based on its options. Information returned by the cubrid spacedb utility includes the volume ID's, names, purpose and total/free space of each volume.

cubrid spacedb [options] database_name

• cubrid : An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• spacedb : A command that checks the space in the database. It executes successfully only when the database is in a stopped state.
• database_name : The name of the database whose space is to be checked. The path-name to the directory where the database is to be created must not be included.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid spacedb utility.

-o FILE¶

This option stores the result of checking the space information of testdb to a file named db_output.

cubrid spacedb -o db_output testdb

-S, --SA-mode¶

This option is used to access a database in standalone, which means it works without processing server; it does not have an argument. If -S is not specified, the system recognizes that a database is running in client/server mode.

cubrid spacedb --SA-mode testdb

-C, --CS-mode¶

This option is used to access a database in client/server mode, which means it works in client/server process respectively; it does not have an argument. If -C is not specified, the system recognize that a database is running in client/server mode by default.

cubrid spacedb --CS-mode testdb

--size-unit={PAGE|M|G|T|H}¶

This option specifies the size unit of the space information of the database to be one of PAGE, M(MB), G(GB), T(TB), H(print-friendly). The default value is H. If you set the value to H, the unit is automatically determined as follows: M if 1 MB = DB size < 1024 MB, G if 1 GB = DB size < 1024 GB.

$ cubrid spacedb --size-unit=H testdb

Space description for database 'testdb' with pagesize 16.0K. (log pagesize: 16.0K)

type                purpose            volume_count         used_size           free_size           total_size
PERMANENT           PERMANENT DATA                2            61.0 M             963.0 M                1.0 G
PERMANENT           TEMPORARY DATA                1            12.0 M             500.0 M              512.0 M
TEMPORARY           TEMPORARY DATA                1            40.0 M              88.0 M              128.0 M
-                   -                             4           113.0 M               1.5 G                1.6 G

Space description for all volumes:
volid               type                purpose             used_size           free_size           total_size         volume_name
    0               PERMANENT           PERMANENT DATA         60.0 M             452.0 M              512.0 M         /home1/cubrid/testdb
    1               PERMANENT           PERMANENT DATA          1.0 M             511.0 M              512.0 M         /home1/cubrid/testdb_x001
    2               PERMANENT           TEMPORARY DATA         12.0 M             500.0 M              512.0 M         /home1/cubrid/testdb_x002
32766               TEMPORARY           TEMPORARY DATA         40.0 M              88.0 M              128.0 M         /home1/cubrid/testdb_t32766

LOB space description file:/home1/cubrid/lob

-s, --summarize¶

This option aggregates volume count, used size, free size and total size by volume types and purposes. There are three classes of volumes: permanent volumes with permanent data, permanent volumes with temporary data and temporary volume with temporary data; no temporary volumes with permanent data. Last row shows the total values for all types of volumes.

$ cubrid spacedb -s testdb

Space description for database 'testdb' with pagesize 16.0K. (log pagesize: 16.0K)

type                purpose            volume_count         used_size           free_size           total_size
PERMANENT           PERMANENT DATA                2            61.0 M             963.0 M                1.0 G
PERMANENT           TEMPORARY DATA                1            12.0 M             500.0 M              512.0 M
TEMPORARY           TEMPORARY DATA                1            40.0 M              88.0 M              128.0 M
-                   -                             4           113.0 M               1.5 G                1.6 G

-p, --purpose¶

This option shows detailed information on the purpose of stored data. The information includes number of files, used size, size of file tables, reserved sectors size and total size.

Space description for database 'testdb' with pagesize 16.0K. (log pagesize: 16.0K)

Detailed space description for files:
data_type           file_count           used_size          file_table_size     reserved_size       total_size
INDEX                       17               0.3 M                    0.3 M            16.5 M           17.0 M
HEAP                        28               7.6 M                    0.4 M            26.0 M           34.0 M
SYSTEM                       8               0.4 M                    0.1 M             7.5 M            8.0 M
TEMP                        10               0.0 M                    0.2 M            49.8 M           50.0 M
-                           63               8.2 M                    1.0 M            99.8 M          109.0 M

compactdb¶

The cubrid compactdb utility is used to secure unused space of the database volume. In case the database server is not running (offline), you can perform the job in standalone mode. In case the database server is running, you can perform it in client-server mode.

CREATE TABLE tbl REUSE_OID
(
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    b VARCHAR
);

CREATE TABLE reuse_tbl (a INT PRIMARY KEY) REUSE_OID;
CREATE TABLE tbl_1 ( a reuse_tbl);

ERROR: The class 'reuse_tbl' is marked as REUSE_OID and is non-referable. Non-referable classes can't be the domain of an attribute and their instances' OIDs cannot be returned.

Reference to the object deleted during compacting is displayed as NULL, which means this can be reused by OIDs.

cubrid compactdb [options] database_name [class_name], class_name2, ...]

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• compactdb: A command that compacts the space of the database so that OIDs assigned to deleted data can be reused.
• database_name: The name of the database whose space is to be compacted. The path name to the directory where the database is to be created must not be included.
• class_name_list: You can specify the list of tables names that you want to compact space after a database name; the -i option cannot be used together. It is used in client/server mode only.

-I, -i, -c, -d, -p options are applied in client/server mode only.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid compactdb utility.

-v, --verbose¶

You can output messages that shows which class is currently being compacted and how many instances have been processed for the class by using the -v option.

cubrid compactdb -v testdb

-S, --SA-mode¶

This option specifies to compact used space in standalone mode while database server is not running; no argument is specified. If the -S option is not specified, system recognizes that the job is executed in client/server mode.

cubrid compactdb --SA-mode testdb

-C, --CS-mode¶

This option specifies to compact used space in client/server mode while database server is running; no argument is specified. Even though this option is omitted, system recognizes that the job is executed in client/server mode.

The following options can be used in client/server mode only.

-i, --input-class-file=FILE¶

You can specify an input file name that contains the table name with this option. Write one table name in a single line; invalid table name is ignored. Note that you cannot specify the list of the table names after a database name in case of you use this option.

-p, --pages-commited-once=NUMBER¶

You can specify the number of maximum pages that can be committed once with this option. The default value is 10, the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is 10. The less option value is specified, the more concurrency is enhanced because the value for class/instance lock is small; however, it causes slowdown on operation, and vice versa.

cubrid compactdb --CS-mode -p 10 testdb tbl1, tbl2, tbl5

-d, --delete-old-repr¶

You can delete an existing table representation (schema structure) from catalog with this option. Generally you'd better keep the existing table representation because schema updating cost will be saved when you keep the status as referring to the past schema for the old records.

-I, --Instance-lock-timeout=NUMBER¶

You can specify a value of instance lock timeout with this option. The default value is 2 (seconds), the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is 10. The less option value is specified, the more operation speeds up. However, the number of instances that can be processed becomes smaller, and vice versa.

-c, --class-lock-timeout=NUMBER¶

You can specify a value of instance lock timeout with this option. The default value is 10 (seconds), the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is 10. The less option value is specified, the more operation speeds up. However, the number of tables that can be processed becomes smaller, and vice versa.

optimizedb¶

Updates statistical information such as the number of objects, the number of pages to access, and the distribution of attribute values.

cubrid optimizedb [option] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• optimizedb: Updates the statistics information, which is used for cost-based query optimization of the database. If the option is specified, only the information of the specified class is updated.
• database_name: The name of the database whose cost-based query optimization statistics are to be updated.

The following shows [option] available with the cubrid optimizedb utility.

-n, --class-name¶

The following example shows how to update the query statistics information of the given class by using the -n option.

cubrid optimizedb -n event_table testdb

The following example shows how to update the query statistics information of all classes in the database.

cubrid optimizedb testdb

plandump¶

The cubrid plandump utility is used to display information on the query plans stored (cached) on the server.

cubrid plandump [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• plandump: A utility that displays the query plans stored in the current cache of a specific database.
• database_name: The name of the database where the query plans are to be checked or dropped from its server cache.

If no option is used, it checks the query plans stored in the cache.

cubrid plandump testdb

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid plandump utility.

-d, --drop¶

This option drops the query plans stored in the cache.

cubrid plandump -d testdb

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

This option stores the results of the query plans stored in the cache to a file.

cubrid plandump -o output.txt testdb

statdump¶

cubrid statdump utility checks statistics information processed by the CUBRID database server. The statistics information mainly consists of the following: File I/O, Page buffer, Logs, Transactions, Concurrency/Lock, Index, and Network request.

You can also use CSQL's session commands to check the statistics information only about the CSQL's connection. For details, see Dumping CSQL execution statistics information.

cubrid statdump [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• statdump: A command that dumps the statistics information on the database server execution.
• database_name: The name of database which has the statistics data to be dumped.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid statdump utility.

-i, --interval=SECOND¶

This option specifies the periodic number of Dumping statistics as seconds.

The following outputs the accumulated values per second.

cubrid statdump -i 1 -c demodb

The following outputs the accumulated values during 1 second, as starting with 0 value per every 1 second.

cubrid statdump -i 1 demodb

The following outputs the last values which were executed with -i option.

cubrid statdump demodb

The following outputs the same values with the above. -c option doesn't work if it is not used with -i option together.

cubrid statdump -c demodb

The following outputs the values per every 5 seconds.

$ cubrid statdump -i 5 -c testdb


Thu January 07 16:46:05 GTB Standard Time 2016

 *** SERVER EXECUTION STATISTICS ***
Num_file_creates              =          0
Num_file_removes              =          0
Num_file_ioreads              =          0
Num_file_iowrites             =         10
Num_file_iosynches            =         10
The timer values for file_iosync_all are:
Num_file_iosync_all           =          0
Total_time_file_iosync_all    =          0
Max_time_file_iosync_all      =          0
Avg_time_file_iosync_all      =          0
Num_file_page_allocs          =          0
Num_file_page_deallocs        =          0
Num_data_page_fetches         =          0
Num_data_page_dirties         =          0
Num_data_page_ioreads         =          0
Num_data_page_iowrites        =          0
Num_data_page_flushed         =          0
Num_data_page_private_quota   =        327
Num_data_page_private_count   =        898
Num_data_page_fixed           =          1
Num_data_page_dirty           =          3
Num_data_page_lru1            =        857
Num_data_page_lru2            =        873
Num_data_page_lru3            =        898
Num_data_page_victim_candidate =        898
Num_log_page_fetches          =          0
Num_log_page_ioreads          =          0
Num_log_page_iowrites         =         20
Num_log_append_records        =         20
Num_log_archives              =          0
Num_log_start_checkpoints     =          0
Num_log_end_checkpoints       =          0
Num_log_wals                  =          0
Num_log_page_iowrites_for_replacement =          0
Num_log_page_replacements     =          0
Num_page_locks_acquired       =          0
Num_object_locks_acquired     =          0
Num_page_locks_converted      =          0
Num_object_locks_converted    =          0
Num_page_locks_re-requested   =          0
Num_object_locks_re-requested =          0
Num_page_locks_waits          =          0
Num_object_locks_waits        =          0
Num_object_locks_time_waited_usec =          0
Num_tran_commits              =          0
Num_tran_rollbacks            =          0
Num_tran_savepoints           =          0
Num_tran_start_topops         =          0
Num_tran_end_topops           =          0
Num_tran_interrupts           =          0
Num_btree_inserts             =          0
Num_btree_deletes             =          0
Num_btree_updates             =          0
Num_btree_covered             =          0
Num_btree_noncovered          =          0
Num_btree_resumes             =          0
Num_btree_multirange_optimization =          0
Num_btree_splits              =          0
Num_btree_merges              =          0
Num_btree_get_stats           =          0
Num_heap_stats_sync_bestspace =          0
Num_query_selects             =          0
Num_query_inserts             =          0
Num_query_deletes             =          0
Num_query_updates             =          0
Num_query_sscans              =          0
Num_query_iscans              =          0
Num_query_lscans              =          0
Num_query_setscans            =          0
Num_query_methscans           =          0
Num_query_nljoins             =          0
Num_query_mjoins              =          0
Num_query_objfetches          =          0
Num_query_holdable_cursors    =          0
Num_sort_io_pages             =          0
Num_sort_data_pages           =          0
Num_network_requests          =          4
Num_adaptive_flush_pages      =          0
Num_adaptive_flush_log_pages  =         10
Num_adaptive_flush_max_pages  =      25600
Num_prior_lsa_list_size       =          0
Num_prior_lsa_list_maxed      =          0
Num_prior_lsa_list_removed    =         10
Num_heap_stats_bestspace_entries =        441
Num_heap_stats_bestspace_maxed =          0
Time_ha_replication_delay     =          0
Num_plan_cache_add            =          0
Num_plan_cache_lookup         =          0
Num_plan_cache_hit            =          0
Num_plan_cache_miss           =          0
Num_plan_cache_full           =          0
Num_plan_cache_delete         =          0
Num_plan_cache_invalid_xasl_id =          0
Num_plan_cache_entries        =          2
Num_vacuum_log_pages_vacuumed =          0
Num_vacuum_log_pages_to_vacuum =          0
Num_vacuum_prefetch_requests_log_pages =          0
Num_vacuum_prefetch_hits_log_pages =          0
Num_heap_home_inserts         =          0
Num_heap_big_inserts          =          0
Num_heap_assign_inserts       =          0
Num_heap_home_deletes         =          0
Num_heap_home_mvcc_deletes    =          0
Num_heap_home_to_rel_deletes  =          0
Num_heap_home_to_big_deletes  =          0
Num_heap_rel_deletes          =          0
Num_heap_rel_mvcc_deletes     =          0
Num_heap_rel_to_home_deletes  =          0
Num_heap_rel_to_big_deletes   =          0
Num_heap_rel_to_rel_deletes   =          0
Num_heap_big_deletes          =          0
Num_heap_big_mvcc_deletes     =          0
Num_heap_home_updates         =          0
Num_heap_home_to_rel_updates  =          0
Num_heap_home_to_big_updates  =          0
Num_heap_rel_updates          =          0
Num_heap_rel_to_home_updates  =          0
Num_heap_rel_to_rel_updates   =          0
Num_heap_rel_to_big_updates   =          0
Num_heap_big_updates          =          0
Num_heap_home_vacuums         =          0
Num_heap_big_vacuums          =          0
Num_heap_rel_vacuums          =          0
Num_heap_insid_vacuums        =          0
Num_heap_remove_vacuums       =          0
The timer values for heap_insert_prepare are:
Num_heap_insert_prepare  =          0
Total_time_heap_insert_prepare =          0
Max_time_heap_insert_prepare =          0
Avg_time_heap_insert_prepare =          0
The timer values for heap_insert_execute are:
Num_heap_insert_execute  =          0
Total_time_heap_insert_execute =          0
Max_time_heap_insert_execute =          0
Avg_time_heap_insert_execute =          0
The timer values for heap_insert_log are:
Num_heap_insert_log      =          0
Total_time_heap_insert_log =          0
Max_time_heap_insert_log =          0
Avg_time_heap_insert_log =          0
The timer values for heap_delete_prepare are:
Num_heap_delete_prepare  =          0
Total_time_heap_delete_prepare =          0
Max_time_heap_delete_prepare =          0
Avg_time_heap_delete_prepare =          0
The timer values for heap_delete_execute are:
Num_heap_delete_execute  =          0
Total_time_heap_delete_execute =          0
Max_time_heap_delete_execute =          0
Avg_time_heap_delete_execute =          0
The timer values for heap_delete_log are:
Num_heap_delete_log      =          0
Total_time_heap_delete_log =          0
Max_time_heap_delete_log =          0
Avg_time_heap_delete_log =          0
The timer values for heap_update_prepare are:
Num_heap_update_prepare  =          0
Total_time_heap_update_prepare =          0
Max_time_heap_update_prepare =          0
Avg_time_heap_update_prepare =          0
The timer values for heap_update_execute are:
Num_heap_update_execute  =          0
Total_time_heap_update_execute =          0
Max_time_heap_update_execute =          0
Avg_time_heap_update_execute =          0
The timer values for heap_update_log are:
Num_heap_update_log      =          0
Total_time_heap_update_log =          0
Max_time_heap_update_log =          0
Avg_time_heap_update_log =          0
The timer values for heap_vacuum_prepare are:
Num_heap_vacuum_prepare  =          0
Total_time_heap_vacuum_prepare =          0
Max_time_heap_vacuum_prepare =          0
Avg_time_heap_vacuum_prepare =          0
The timer values for heap_vacuum_execute are:
Num_heap_vacuum_execute  =          0
Total_time_heap_vacuum_execute =          0
Max_time_heap_vacuum_execute =          0
Avg_time_heap_vacuum_execute =          0
The timer values for heap_vacuum_log are:
Num_heap_vacuum_log      =          0
Total_time_heap_vacuum_log =          0
Max_time_heap_vacuum_log =          0
Avg_time_heap_vacuum_log =          0
The timer values for bt_fix_ovf_oids are:
Num_bt_fix_ovf_oids           =          0
Total_time_bt_fix_ovf_oids    =          0
Max_time_bt_fix_ovf_oids      =          0
Avg_time_bt_fix_ovf_oids      =          0
The timer values for bt_unique_rlocks are:
Num_bt_unique_rlocks          =          0
Total_time_bt_unique_rlocks   =          0
Max_time_bt_unique_rlocks     =          0
Avg_time_bt_unique_rlocks     =          0
The timer values for bt_unique_wlocks are:
Num_bt_unique_wlocks          =          0
Total_time_bt_unique_wlocks   =          0
Max_time_bt_unique_wlocks     =          0
Avg_time_bt_unique_wlocks     =          0
The timer values for bt_leaf are:
Num_bt_leaf                   =          0
Total_time_bt_leaf            =          0
Max_time_bt_leaf              =          0
Avg_time_bt_leaf              =          0
The timer values for bt_traverse are:
Num_bt_traverse               =          0
Total_time_bt_traverse        =          0
Max_time_bt_traverse          =          0
Avg_time_bt_traverse          =          0
The timer values for bt_find_unique are:
Num_bt_find_unique            =          0
Total_time_bt_find_unique     =          0
Max_time_bt_find_unique       =          0
Avg_time_bt_find_unique       =          0
The timer values for bt_find_unique_traverse are:
Num_bt_find_unique_traverse   =          0
Total_time_bt_find_unique_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_find_unique_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_find_unique_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_range_search are:
Num_bt_range_search           =          0
Total_time_bt_range_search    =          0
Max_time_bt_range_search      =          0
Avg_time_bt_range_search      =          0
The timer values for bt_range_search_traverse are:
Num_bt_range_search_traverse  =          0
Total_time_bt_range_search_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_range_search_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_range_search_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_insert are:
Num_bt_insert                 =          0
Total_time_bt_insert          =          0
Max_time_bt_insert            =          0
Avg_time_bt_insert            =          0
The timer values for bt_insert_traverse are:
Num_bt_insert_traverse        =          0
Total_time_bt_insert_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_insert_traverse   =          0
Avg_time_bt_insert_traverse   =          0
The timer values for bt_delete_obj are:
Num_bt_delete_obj             =          0
Total_time_bt_delete_obj      =          0
Max_time_bt_delete_obj        =          0
Avg_time_bt_delete_obj        =          0
The timer values for bt_delete_obj_traverse are:
Num_bt_delete_obj_traverse    =          0
Total_time_bt_delete_obj_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_delete_obj_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_delete_obj_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_mvcc_delete are:
Num_bt_mvcc_delete            =          0
Total_time_bt_mvcc_delete     =          0
Max_time_bt_mvcc_delete       =          0
Avg_time_bt_mvcc_delete       =          0
The timer values for bt_mvcc_delete_traverse are:
Num_bt_mvcc_delete_traverse   =          0
Total_time_bt_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_mark_delete are:
Num_bt_mark_delete            =          0
Total_time_bt_mark_delete     =          0
Max_time_bt_mark_delete       =          0
Avg_time_bt_mark_delete       =          0
The timer values for bt_mark_delete_traverse are:
Num_bt_mark_delete_traverse   =          0
Total_time_bt_mark_delete_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_mark_delete_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_mark_delete_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_undo_insert are:
Num_bt_undo_insert            =          0
Total_time_bt_undo_insert     =          0
Max_time_bt_undo_insert       =          0
Avg_time_bt_undo_insert       =          0
The timer values for bt_undo_insert_traverse are:
Num_bt_undo_insert_traverse   =          0
Total_time_bt_undo_insert_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_undo_insert_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_undo_insert_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_undo_delete are:
Num_bt_undo_delete            =          0
Total_time_bt_undo_delete     =          0
Max_time_bt_undo_delete       =          0
Avg_time_bt_undo_delete       =          0
The timer values for bt_undo_delete_traverse are:
Num_bt_undo_delete_traverse   =          0
Total_time_bt_undo_delete_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_undo_delete_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_undo_delete_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_undo_mvcc_delete are:
Num_bt_undo_mvcc_delete       =          0
Total_time_bt_undo_mvcc_delete =          0
Max_time_bt_undo_mvcc_delete  =          0
Avg_time_bt_undo_mvcc_delete  =          0
The timer values for bt_undo_mvcc_delete_traverse are:
Num_bt_undo_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
Total_time_bt_undo_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_undo_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_undo_mvcc_delete_traverse =          0
The timer values for bt_vacuum are:
Num_bt_vacuum                 =          0
Total_time_bt_vacuum          =          0
Max_time_bt_vacuum            =          0
Avg_time_bt_vacuum            =          0
The timer values for bt_vacuum_traverse are:
Num_bt_vacuum_traverse        =          0
Total_time_bt_vacuum_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_vacuum_traverse   =          0
Avg_time_bt_vacuum_traverse   =          0
The timer values for bt_vacuum_insid are:
Num_bt_vacuum_insid           =          0
Total_time_bt_vacuum_insid    =          0
Max_time_bt_vacuum_insid      =          0
Avg_time_bt_vacuum_insid      =          0
The timer values for bt_vacuum_insid_traverse are:
Num_bt_vacuum_insid_traverse  =          0
Total_time_bt_vacuum_insid_traverse =          0
Max_time_bt_vacuum_insid_traverse =          0
Avg_time_bt_vacuum_insid_traverse =          0
The timer values for vacuum_master are:
Num_vacuum_master             =          0
Total_time_vacuum_master      =          0
Max_time_vacuum_master        =          0
Avg_time_vacuum_master        =          0
The timer values for vacuum_job are:
Num_vacuum_job                =          0
Total_time_vacuum_job         =          0
Max_time_vacuum_job           =          0
Avg_time_vacuum_job           =          0
The timer values for vacuum_worker_process_log are:
Num_vacuum_worker_process_log =          0
Total_time_vacuum_worker_process_log =          0
Max_time_vacuum_worker_process_log =          0
Avg_time_vacuum_worker_process_log =          0
The timer values for vacuum_worker_execute are:
Num_vacuum_worker_execute     =          0
Total_time_vacuum_worker_execute =          0
Max_time_vacuum_worker_execute =          0
Avg_time_vacuum_worker_execute =          0
Time_get_snapshot_acquire_time =          0
Count_get_snapshot_retry      =          0
Time_tran_complete_time       =          0
Time_get_oldest_mvcc_acquire_time =       1024
Count_get_oldest_mvcc_retry   =          0
Data_page_buffer_hit_ratio    =       0.00
Log_page_buffer_hit_ratio     =       0.00
Vacuum_data_page_buffer_hit_ratio =       0.00
Vacuum_page_efficiency_ratio  =       0.00
Vacuum_page_fetch_ratio       =       0.00
Data_page_fix_lock_acquire_time_msec =       0.00
Data_page_fix_hold_acquire_time_msec =       0.00
Data_page_fix_acquire_time_msec =       0.00
Data_page_allocate_time_ratio =       0.00
Data_page_total_promote_success =       0.00
Data_page_total_promote_fail  =       0.00
Data_page_total_promote_time_msec =       0.00
Num_unfix_void_to_private_top =          0
Num_unfix_void_to_private_mid =          0
Num_unfix_void_to_shared_mid  =          0
Num_unfix_lru1_private_to_shared_mid =          0
Num_unfix_lru2_private_to_shared_mid =          0
Num_unfix_lru3_private_to_shared_mid =          0
Num_unfix_lru2_private_keep   =          0
Num_unfix_lru2_shared_keep    =          0
Num_unfix_lru2_private_to_top =          0
Num_unfix_lru2_shared_to_top  =          0
Num_unfix_lru3_private_to_top =          0
Num_unfix_lru3_shared_to_top  =          0
Num_unfix_lru1_private_keep   =          0
Num_unfix_lru1_shared_keep    =          0
Num_unfix_void_to_private_mid_vacuum =          0
Num_unfix_lru1_any_keep_vacuum =          0
Num_unfix_lru2_any_keep_vacuum =          0
Num_unfix_lru3_any_keep_vacuum =          0
Num_unfix_void_aout_found     =          0
Num_unfix_void_aout_not_found =          0
Num_unfix_void_aout_found_vacuum =          0
Num_unfix_void_aout_not_found_vacuum =          0
Num_data_page_hash_anchor_waits =          0
Time_data_page_hash_anchor_wait =          0
The timer values for flush_collect are:
Num_flush_collect             =          0
Total_time_flush_collect      =          0
Max_time_flush_collect        =          0
Avg_time_flush_collect        =          0
The timer values for flush_flush are:
Num_flush_flush               =          0
Total_time_flush_flush        =          0
Max_time_flush_flush          =          0
Avg_time_flush_flush          =          0
The timer values for flush_sleep are:
Num_flush_sleep               =          4
Total_time_flush_sleep        =    8000949
Max_time_flush_sleep          =    2000244
Avg_time_flush_sleep          =    2000237
The timer values for flush_collect_per_page are:
Num_flush_collect_per_page    =          0
Total_time_flush_collect_per_page =          0
Max_time_flush_collect_per_page =          0
Avg_time_flush_collect_per_page =          0
The timer values for flush_flush_per_page are:
Num_flush_flush_per_page      =          0
Total_time_flush_flush_per_page =          0
Max_time_flush_flush_per_page =          0
Avg_time_flush_flush_per_page =          0
Num_data_page_writes          =          0
Num_data_page_dirty_to_post_flush =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush   =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush_need_wal =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush_already_flushed =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush_fixed_or_hot =          0
The timer values for compensate_flush are:
Num_compensate_flush          =          0
Total_time_compensate_flush   =          0
Max_time_compensate_flush     =          0
Avg_time_compensate_flush     =          0
The timer values for alloc_bcb are:
Num_alloc_bcb                 =          0
Total_time_alloc_bcb          =          0
Max_time_alloc_bcb            =          0
Avg_time_alloc_bcb            =          0
The timer values for alloc_bcb_search_victim are:
Num_alloc_bcb_search_victim   =          0
Total_time_alloc_bcb_search_victim =          0
Max_time_alloc_bcb_search_victim =          0
Avg_time_alloc_bcb_search_victim =          0
The timer values for alloc_bcb_cond_wait_high_prio are:
Num_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_high_prio =          0
Total_time_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_high_prio =          0
Max_time_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_high_prio =          0
Avg_time_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_high_prio =          0
The timer values for alloc_bcb_cond_wait_low_prio are:
Num_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_low_prio =          0
Total_time_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_low_prio =          0
Max_time_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_low_prio =          0
Avg_time_alloc_bcb_cond_wait_low_prio =          0
Num_alloc_bcb_prioritize_vacuum =          0
Num_victim_use_invalid_bcb    =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_vacuum_void =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_vacuum_lru =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_flush =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_panic =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_adjust_lru =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_adjust_lru_to_vacuum =          0
Num_victim_assign_direct_search_for_flush =          0
Num_victim_shared_lru_success =          0
Num_victim_own_private_lru_success =          0
Num_victim_other_private_lru_success =          0
Num_victim_shared_lru_fail    =          0
Num_victim_own_private_lru_fail =          0
Num_victim_other_private_lru_fail =          0
Num_victim_all_lru_fail       =          0
Num_victim_get_from_lru       =          0
Num_victim_get_from_lru_was_empty =          0
Num_victim_get_from_lru_fail  =          0
Num_victim_get_from_lru_bad_hint =          0
Num_lfcq_prv_get_total_calls  =          0
Num_lfcq_prv_get_empty        =          0
Num_lfcq_prv_get_big          =          0
Num_lfcq_shr_get_total_calls  =          0
Num_lfcq_shr_get_empty        =          0
Num_alloc_bcb_wait_threads_high_priority =          0
Num_alloc_bcb_wait_threads_low_priority =          0
Num_flushed_bcbs_wait_for_direct_victim =          0
Num_lfcq_big_private_lists    =          0
Num_lfcq_private_lists        =          5
Num_lfcq_shared_lists         =          0
Num_data_page_avoid_dealloc   =          0
Num_data_page_avoid_victim    =          0
Num_data_page_fix_ext:
Num_data_page_promote_ext:
Num_data_page_promote_time_ext:
Num_data_page_unfix_ext:
Time_data_page_lock_acquire_time:
Time_data_page_hold_acquire_time:
Time_data_page_fix_acquire_time:
Num_mvcc_snapshot_ext:
Time_obj_lock_acquire_time:

The following are the explanation about the above statistical information. You can find the statistic category (database module), the name, the stat type and a brief description for each statistic.

There are several types of statistic, based on how they are collected:

• Accumulator: The stat values are incremented whenever the tracked action happens.
• Counter/timer: The stat tracks both the number and the duration of an action. Also biggest and average duration are tracked.
• Snapshot: The stat is peeked from database.
• Complex: The stat tracks multiple values for an action, separated by various attributes.

Most statistics are accumulators (they are incremented when an action happens). Other statistics can be counter/timers (they track both number of actions and their duration), some are peeked from database (snapshot) and some are computed based on other values. Lastly, there are several complex statistics which track detailed information on some operations.

Category	Item	Stat type	Description
File I/O	Num_file_removes	Accumulator	The number of files removed
	Num_file_creates	Accumulator	The number of files created
	Num_file_ioreads	Accumulator	The number of files read
	Num_file_iowrites	Accumulator	The number of files stored
	Num_file_iosynches	Accumulator	The number of file synchronization
	..file_iosync_all	Counter/timer	The number and duration of sync all files
	Num_file_page_allocs	Accumulator	The number of page allocations
	Num_file_page_deallocs	Accumulator	The number of page deallocations
Page buffer	Num_data_page_fetches	Accumulator	The number of fetched pages
	Num_data_page_dirties	Accumulator	The number of dirty pages
	Num_data_page_ioreads	Accumulator	The number of pages read from disk (more means less efficient, it correlates with lower hit ratio)
	Num_data_page_iowrites	Accumulator	The number of pages write to disk (more means less efficient)
	Num_data_page_private_quota	Snapshot	The target number of pages for private LRU lists
	Num_data_page_private_count	Snapshot	The actual number of pages for private LRU lists
	Num_data_page_fixed	Snapshot	The number of fixed pages in data buffer
	Num_data_page_dirty	Snapshot	The number of dirty pages in data buffer
	Num_data_page_lru1	Snapshot	The number of pages in LRU1 zone in data buffer
	Num_data_page_lru2	Snapshot	The number of pages in LRU2 zone in data buffer
	Num_data_page_lru3	Snapshot	The number of pages in LRU3 zone in data buffer
	Num_data_page_victim_candidate	Snapshot	The number of victim candidate pages in data buffer
Logs	Num_log_page_fetches	Accumulator	The number of fetched log pages
	Num_log_page_ioreads	Accumulator	The number of log pages read
	Num_log_page_iowrites	Accumulator	The number of log pages stored
	Num_log_append_records	Accumulator	The number of log records appended
	Num_log_archives	Accumulator	The number of logs archived
	Num_log_start_checkpoints	Accumulator	The number of started checkpoints
	Num_log_end_checkpoints	Accumulator	The number of ended checkpoints
	Num_log_wals	Accumulator	The number of log flushes requested to write a data page.
	Num_log_page_iowrites_for_replacement	Accumulator	The number of log data pages written to disk due to replacements (should be zero)
	Num_log_page_replacements	Accumulator	The number of log data pages discarded due to replacements
	Num_prior_lsa_list_size	Accumulator	Current size of the prior LSA(Log Sequence Address) list. CUBRID write the order of writing into the prior LSA list, before writing operation from the log buffer to the disk; this list is used to raise up the concurrency by reducing the waiting time of the transaction from writing to disk
	Num_prior_lsa_list_maxed	Accumulator	The count of the prior LSA list being reached at the maximum size. The maximum size of the prior LSA list is log_buffer_size * 2. If this value is big, we can assume that log writing jobs happen a lot at the same time
	Num_prior_lsa_list_removed	Accumulator	The count of LSA being moved from prior LSA list into log buffer. We can assume that the commits have happened at the similar count with this value
	Log_page_buffer_hit_ratio	Computed	Hit ratio of log page buffers (Num_log_page_fetches - Num_log_page_fetch_ioreads)*100 / Num_log_page_fetches
Concurrency/lock Transactions	Num_page_locks_acquired	Accumulator	The number of locked pages acquired
	Num_object_locks_acquired	Accumulator	The number of locked objects acquired
	Num_page_locks_converted	Accumulator	The number of locked pages converted
	Num_object_locks_converted	Accumulator	The number of locked objects converted
	Num_page_locks_re-requested	Accumulator	The number of locked pages requested
	Num_object_locks_re-requested	Accumulator	The number of locked objects requested
	Num_page_locks_waits	Accumulator	The number of locked pages waited
	Num_object_locks_waits	Accumulator	The number of locked objects waited
	Num_object_locks_time_waited_usec	Accumulator	The time in microseconds spent on waiting for all object locks
	Time_obj_lock_acquire_time	Complex	Time consumer for locking objects classified by lock mode
	Num_tran_commits	Accumulator	The number of commits
	Num_tran_rollbacks	Accumulator	The number of rollbacks
	Num_tran_savepoints	Accumulator	The number of savepoints
	Num_tran_start_topops	Accumulator	The number of top operations started
	Num_tran_end_topops	Accumulator	The number of top operations stopped
	Num_tran_interrupts	Accumulator	The number of interruptions
Index	Num_btree_inserts	Accumulator	The number of nodes inserted
	Num_btree_deletes	Accumulator	The number of nodes deleted
	Num_btree_updates	Accumulator	The number of nodes updated
	Num_btree_covered	Accumulator	The number of cases in which an index includes all data upon query execution
	Num_btree_noncovered	Accumulator	The number of cases in which an index includes some or no data upon query execution
	Num_btree_resumes	Accumulator	The exceeding number of index scan specified due to too many results
	Num_btree_multirange_optimization	Accumulator	The number of executions on multi-range optimization for the WHERE ... IN ... LIMIT condition query statement
	Num_btree_splits	Accumulator	The number of B-tree split-operations
	Num_btree_merges	Accumulator	The number of B-tree merge-operations
	Num_btree_get_stats	Accumulator	The number of B-tree get stat calls
	..bt_leaf	Counter/timer	The number and duration of all operations in index leaves
	..bt_find_unique	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'find-unique' operations
	..btrange_search	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'range-search' operations
	..bt_insert_obj	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'insert object' operations
	..bt_delete_obj	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'physical delete object' operations
	..bt_mvcc_delete	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'mvcc delete' operations
	..bt_mark_delete	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree mark delete operations
	..bt_undo_insert	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'undo insert' operations
	..bt_undo_delete	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'undo physical delete' operations
	..bt_undo_mvcc_delete	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree 'undo mvcc delete' operations
	..bt_vacuum	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree vacuum deleted object operations
	..bt_vacuum_insid	Counter/timer	The number and duration of vacuum operations on B-tree 'insert id'
	..bt_fix_ovf_oids	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree overflow page fixes
	..bt_unique_rlocks	Counter/timer	The number and duration of blocked read locks on unique indexes
	..bt_unique_wlocks	Counter/timer	The number and duration of blocked write locks on unique indexes
	..bt_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse
	..bt_find_unique_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'find unique'
	..bt_range_search_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'range search'
	..bt_insert_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'insert'
	..bt_delete_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'physical delete'
	..bt_mvcc_delete_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'mvcc delete'
	..bt_mark_delete_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'mark delete'
	..bt_undo_insert_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'undo physical insert'
	..bt_undo_delete_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'undo physical delete'
	..bt_undo_mvcc_delete_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for 'undo delete'
	..bt_vacuum_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for vacuum deleted object
	..bt_vacuum_insid_traverse	Counter/timer	The number and duration of B-tree traverse for vacuum 'insert id'
Query	Num_query_selects	Accumulator	The number of SELECT query execution
	Num_query_inserts	Accumulator	The number of INSERT query execution
	Num_query_deletes	Accumulator	The number of DELETE query execution
	Num_query_updates	Accumulator	The number of UPDATE query execution
	Num_query_sscans	Accumulator	The number of sequential scans (full scan)
	Num_query_iscans	Accumulator	The number of index scans
	Num_query_lscans	Accumulator	The number of LIST scans
	Num_query_setscans	Accumulator	The number of SET scans
	Num_query_methscans	Accumulator	The number of METHOD scans
	Num_query_nljoins	Accumulator	The number of nested loop joins
	Num_query_mjoins	Accumulator	The number of parallel joins
	Num_query_objfetches	Accumulator	The number of fetch objects
	Num_query_holdable_cursors	Snapshot	The number of holdable cursors in the current server.
Sort	Num_sort_io_pages	Accumulator	The number of pages fetched on the disk during sorting (more means less efficient)
	Num_sort_data_pages	Accumulator	The number of pages found on the page buffer during sorting (more means less efficient)
Network request	Num_network_requests	Accumulator	The number of network requested
Heap	Num_heap_stats_bestspace_entries	Accumulator	The number of best pages which are saved on the "best page" list
	Num_heap_stats_bestspace_maxed	Accumulator	The maximum number of pages which can be saved on the "best page" list
	Num_heap_stats_sync_bestspace	Accumulator	The updated number of the "best page" list. "Best pages" means that the data pages of which the free space is more than 30% in the environment of multiple INSERTs and DELETEs. Only some information of these pages are saved as the "best page" list. In the "best page" list, the information of a million pages is saved at once. This list is searched when INSERTing a record, and then this list is updated when there are no free space to store this record on the pages. If there are still no free space to store this record even this list is updated for several times, this recored is stored into a new page.
	Num_heap_home_inserts	Accumulator	The number of inserts in heap HOME type records
	Num_heap_big_inserts	Accumulator	The number of inserts in heap BIG type records
	Num_heap_assign_inserts	Accumulator	The number of inserts in heap ASSIGN type records
	Num_heap_home_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap HOME type records in non-MVCC mode
	Num_heap_home_mvcc_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap HOME type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_home_to_rel_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap HOME to RELOCATION type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_home_to_big_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap HOME to BIG type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_rel_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap RELOCATION type records in non-MVCC mode
	Num_heap_rel_mvcc_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap RELOCATION type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_rel_to_home_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap RELOCATION to HOME type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_rel_to_big_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap RELOCATION to BIG type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_rel_to_rel_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap RELOCATION to RELOCATION type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_big_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap BIG type records in non-MVCC mode
	Num_heap_big_mvcc_deletes	Accumulator	The number of deletes from heap BIG type records in MVCC mode
	Num_heap_home_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates in place of heap HOME type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_home_to_rel_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap HOME to RELOCATION type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_home_to_big_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap HOME to BIG type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_rel_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap RELOCATION type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_rel_to_home_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap RELOCATION to HOME type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_rel_to_rel_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap RELOCATION to RELOCATION type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_rel_to_big_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap RELOCATION to BIG type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_big_updates	Accumulator	The number of updates of heap BIG type records in non-MVCC mode(*)
	Num_heap_home_vacuums	Accumulator	The number of vacuumed heap HOME type records
	Num_heap_big_vacuums	Accumulator	The number of vacuumed heap BIG type records
	Num_heap_rel_vacuums	Accumulator	The number of vacuumed heap RELOCATION type records
	Num_heap_insid_vacuums	Accumulator	The number of vacuumed heap newly inserted records
	Num_heap_remove_vacuums	Accumulator	The number of vacuum operations that remove heap records
	..heap_insert_prepare	Counter/timer	The number and duration of preparing heap insert operation
	..heap_insert_execute	Counter/timer	The number and duration of executing heap insert operation
	..heap_insert_log	Counter/timer	The number and duration of logging heap insert operation
	..heap_delete_prepare	Counter/timer	The number and duration of preparing heap delete operation
	..heap_delete_execute	Counter/timer	The number and duration of executing heap delete operation
	..heap_delete_log	Counter/timer	The number and duration of logging heap delete operation
	..heap_update_prepare	Counter/timer	The number and duration of preparing heap update operation
	..heap_update_execute	Counter/timer	The number and duration of executing heap update operation
	..heap_update_log	Counter/timer	The number and duration of logging heap update operation
	..heap_vacuum_prepare	Counter/timer	The number and duration of preparing heap vacuum operation
	..heap_vacuum_execute	Counter/timer	The number and duration of executing heap vacuum operation
	..heap_vacuum_log	Counter/timer	The number and duration of logging heap vacuum operation
Query plan cache	Num_plan_cache_add	Accumulator	The number of entries added to query cache
	Num_plan_cache_lookup	Accumulator	The number of lookups in query cache
	Num_plan_cache_hit	Accumulator	The number of hits in query cache
	Num_plan_cache_miss	Accumulator	The number of misses in query cache
	Num_plan_cache_full	Accumulator	The number of times query cache becomes full
	Num_plan_cache_delete	Accumulator	The number of entries deleted from query cache
	Num_plan_cache_invalid_xasl_id	Accumulator	The number of failed attempts of retrieving entries by XASL ID.
	Num_plan_cache_entries	Snapshot	The current number of entires in query cache
HA	Time_ha_replication_delay	Accumulator	Replication latency time (sec.)
Vacuuming	Num_vacuum_log_pages_vacuumed	Accumulator	The number of log data pages processed by vacuum workers.
	Num_vacuum_log_pages_to_vacuum	Accumulator	The number of log data pages to be vacuumed by vacuum workers. (if value is much bigger than Num_vacuum_log_pages_vacuumed, it means vacuum system lags behind)
	Num_vacuum_prefetch_requests_log_pages	Accumulator	The number of requests to prefetch buffer for log pages from vacuum
	Num_vacuum_prefetch_hits_log_pages	Accumulator	The number of hits to prefetch buffer for log pages from vacuum
	..vacuum_master	Counter/timer	The number and duration of vacuum master iterations.
	..vacuum_job	Counter/timer	The number and duration of vacuum jobs
	..vacuum_worker_process_log	Counter/timer	The number and duration of process log tasks
	..vacuum_worker_execute	Counter/timer	The number and duration of execute vacuum tasks
	Vacuum_data_page_buffer_hit_ratio	Computed	Hit ratio of vacuuming data page buffers
	Vacuum_page_efficiency_ratio	Computed	Ratio between number of page unfix of vacuum with dirty flag and total number of page unfix of vacuum. Ideally, the vacuum process performsonly write operations since it cleans up all unused records. Even with an optimized vacuum process, 100% efficiency is not possible.
	Vacuum_page_fetch_ratio	Computed	Ratio (percentage) of page unfix from vacuum module versus total.
	Num_data_page_avoid_dealloc	Snapshot	The number of data pages that cannot be deallocated by vacuum
Page buffer fix	Data_page_fix_lock_acquire_time_msec	Computed	Time waiting for other transaction to load page from disk
	Data_page_fix_hold_acquire_time_msec	Computed	Time to obtain page latch
	Data_page_fix_acquire_time_msec	Computed	Total time to fix page
	Data_page_allocate_time_ratio	Computed	Ratio of time necessary for page loading from disk versus the total time of fixing a page
	Data_page_total_promote_success	Computed	Number of successful page latch promotions from shared to exclusive
	Data_page_total_promote_fail	Computed	Number of failed page latch promotions
	Data_page_total_promote_time_msec	Computed	Time for promoting page latches
	Num_data_page_hash_anchor_waits	Accumulator	Number of waits on page buffer hash bucket
	Time_data_page_hash_anchor_wait	Accumulator	Total wait time on page buffer hash bucket
	Num_data_page_fix_ext	Complex	Number of data page fixes classified by: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - page fetch/found mode - page latch mode - page latch condition
	Time_data_page_lock_acquire_time	Complex	Time consumed waiting for other thread to load data page from disk: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - page fetch/found mode - page latch mode - page latch condition
	Time_data_page_hold_acquire_time	Complex	Time consumed waiting for data page latch: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - page fetch/found mode - page latch mode
	Time_data_page_fix_acquire_time	Complex	Time consumed fixing data page: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - page fetch/found mode - page latch mode - page latch condition
	Num_data_page_promote_ext	Complex	Number of data page promotions classified by: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - promote latch condition - holder latch mode - successful/failed promotion
	Num_data_page_promote_time_ext	Complex	Time consumed for data page promotions classified by: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - promote latch condition - holder latch mode - successful/failed promotion
Page buffer | unfix	Num_unfix_void_to_private_top	Accumulator	Unfix newly loaded data page and add to top of private LRU list
	Num_unfix_void_to_private_mid	Accumulator	Unfix newly loaded data page and add to middle of private LRU list
	Num_unfix_void_to_shared_mid	Accumulator	Unfix newly loaded data page and add to middle of shared LRU list
	Num_unfix_lru1_private_to_shared_mid	Accumulator	Unfix data page and move from zone 1 of private list to shared middle
	Num_unfix_lru2_private_to_shared_mid	Accumulator	Unfix data page and move from zone 2 of private list to shared middle
	Num_unfix_lru3_private_to_shared_mid	Accumulator	Unfix data page and move from zone 3 of private list to shared middle
	Num_unfix_lru2_private_keep	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 2 of private list
	Num_unfix_lru2_shared_keep	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 2 of shared list
	Num_unfix_lru2_private_to_top	Accumulator	Unfix data page and boost it from zone 2 of private list to its top
	Num_unfix_lru2_shared_to_top	Accumulator	Unfix data page and boost it from zone 2 of shared list to its top
	Num_unfix_lru3_private_to_top	Accumulator	Unfix data page and boost it from zone 3 of private list to its top
	Num_unfix_lru3_shared_to_top	Accumulator	Unfix data page and boost it from zone 3 of shared list to its top
	Num_unfix_lru1_private_keep	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 1 of private list
	Num_unfix_lru2_shared_keep	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 2 of shared list
	Num_unfix_void_to_private_mid_vacuum	Accumulator	Unfix newly loaded data page and add to middle of private LRU list (vacuum thread)
	Num_unfix_lru1_any_keep_vacuum	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 1 of private/shared list (vacuum thread)
	Num_unfix_lru2_any_keep_vacuum	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 2 of private/shared list (vacuum thread)
	Num_unfix_lru3_any_keep_vacuum	Accumulator	Unfix data page and keep it in zone 3 of private/shared list (vacuum thread)
	Num_unfix_void_aout_found	Accumulator	Newly loaded data page was found in AOUT list
	Num_unfix_void_aout_not_found	Accumulator	Newly loaded data page was not found in AOUT list
	Num_unfix_void_aout_found_vacuum	Accumulator	Newly loaded data page was found in AOUT list (vacuum thread)
	Num_unfix_void_aout_not_found_vacuum	Accumulator	Newly loaded data page was not found in AOUT list (vacuum thread)
	Num_data_page_unfix_ext	Complex	Number of data page unfixes classified by: - module (system, worker, vacuum) - page type - dirty or not - dirtied by holder or not - holder latch mode
Page buffer I/O	Data_page_buffer_hit_ratio	Computed	Hit ratio of data page buffers (Num_data_page_fetches - Num_data_page_ioreads)*100 / Num_data_page_fetches
	Num_adaptive_flush_pages	Accumulator	The number of data pages requested from adaptive flush controller.
	Num_adaptive_flush_log_pages	Accumulator	The number of log data pages requested from adaptive flush controller
	Num_adaptive_flush_max_pages	Accumulator	The total number of page tokens assigned by adaptive flush controller
	..compensate_flush	Counter/timer	The number and duration of flush compensations force by adaptive flush controller
	..flush_collect	Counter/timer	The number and duration of flush thread collecting BCB sets
	..flush_flush	Counter/timer	The number and duration of flush thread flushing BCB sets
	..flush_sleep	Counter/timer	The number and duration of flush thread pauses
	..flush_collect_per_page	Counter/timer	The number and duration of flush thread collecting one BCB
	..flush_flush_per_page	Counter/timer	The number and duration of flush thread flushing one BCB
	Num_data_page_writes	Accumulator	The total number of data pages flushed to disk
	Num_data_page_dirty_to_post_flush	Accumulator	Number of flushed pages sent to post-flush thread for processing
	Num_data_page_skipped_flush	Accumulator	The total number of BCB's that flush thread skipped
	Num_data_page_skipped_flush_need_wal	Accumulator	The number of BCB's that flush thread skipped because it required log data pages be flushed first
	Num_data_page_skipped _flush_already_flushed	Accumulator	The number of BCB's that flush thread skipped because they have been flushed already
	Num_data_page_skipped_flush_fixed_or_hot	Accumulator	The number of BCB's that flush thread skipped because they are fixed or have been fixed since collected.
Page buffer victimization	..alloc_bcb	Counter/timer	The number and duration of BCB allocation to store new data page. When a database is just started, the page buffer has available BCB's ready to be picked. However, once page buffer becomes full all BCB's are in use, one must be victimized. The time tracked here includes BCB victimization and loading from disk.
	..alloc_bcb_search_victim	Counter/timer	The number and duration of searches through all LRU lists for victims
	..alloc_bcb_cond_wait_high_prio	Counter/timer	The number and duration of direct victim waits in high-priority queue
	..alloc_bcb_cond_wait_low_prio	Counter/timer	The number and duration of direct victim waits in low-priority queue
	Num_alloc_bcb_prioritize_vacuum	Accumulator	The number of vacuum direct victim waits in high-priority queue
	Num_alloc_bcb_wait_threads_high_priority	Snapshot	The current number of direct victim waiters in high-priority queue
	Num_alloc_bcb_wait_threads_low_priority	Snapshot	The current number of direct victim waiters in low-priority queue
	Num_flushed_bcbs_wait_for_direct_victim	Snapshot	The current number of BCB's waiting for post-flush thread to process them and assign directly.
	Num_victim_use_invalid_bcb	Accumulator	The number of BCB's allocated from invalid list
	Num_data_page_avoid_victim	Accumulator	The number of BCB's that cannot be victimized because they are in process of being flushed to disk
	Num_victim_assign_direct_vacuum_void	Accumulator	The number of direct victims assigned from void zone by vacuum worker
	Num_victim_assign_direct_vacuum_lru	Accumulator	The number of direct victims assigned from LRU zone 3 by vacuum worker
	Num_victim_assign_direct_flush	Accumulator	The number of direct victims assigned by flush thread
	Num_victim_assign_direct_panic	Accumulator	The number of direct victims assigned by panicked LRU searches. If there are a lot of waiters for victims, threads that found other victims while searching LRU list, will also try to assign more directly. Page buffer maintenance thread assignments are also counted here
	Num_victim_assign_direct_adjust_lru	Accumulator	The number of direct victims assigned when BCB falls to LRU zone 3
	Num_victim_assign_direct_adjust_lru _to_vacuum	Accumulator	The number of BCB's falling to LRU zone 3 not assigned as direct victims because a vacuum thread is expected to access it
	Num_victim_assign_direct_search _for_flush	Accumulator	The number of direct victims assigned by flush thread while collecting BCB sets for flush
	Num_victim_shared_lru_success	Accumulator	The number of successful victim searches in shared LRU lists
	Num_victim_own_private_lru_success	Accumulator	The number of successful victim searches in own private LRU lists
	Num_victim_other_private_lru_success	Accumulator	The number of successful victim searches in other private LRU lists
	Num_victim_shared_lru_fail	Accumulator	The number of failed victim searches in shared LRU lists
	Num_victim_own_private_lru_fail	Accumulator	The number of failed victim searches in own private LRU lists
	Num_victim_other_private_lru_fail	Accumulator	The number of failed victim searches in other private LRU lists
	Num_victim_all_lru_fail	Accumulator	The number of unlucky streaks to find victims in the sequence: 1. Own private LRU list (if over quota) 2. Other private LRU list (if own private is over quota) 3. Shared LRU list (this is simplified explanation, see pgbuf_get_victim function)
	Num_victim_get_from_lru	Accumulator	The total number of victim searches in any LRU list
	Num_victim_get_from_lru_was_empty	Accumulator	The number of victim searches in any LRU list that stop immediately because candidate count is zero
	Num_victim_get_from_lru_fail	Accumulator	The number of failed victim searches in any LRU list although the candidate count was not zero
	Num_victim_get_from_lru_bad_hint	Accumulator	The number of failed victim searches in any LRU list because victim was wrong
	Num_lfcq_prv_get_total_calls	Accumulator	The number of victim searches in non-zero candidate private LRUs queue
	Num_lfcq_prv_get_empty	Accumulator	The number of times non-zero candidate private LRUs queue was empty
	Num_lfcq_prv_get_big	Accumulator	The number of victim searches in only very big non-zero candidate private LRUs queue (in this context, very big means way over quota)
	Num_lfcq_shr_get_total_calls	Accumulator	The number of victim searches in non-zero candidate shared LRUs queue
	Num_lfcq_shr_get_empty	Accumulator	The number of times non-zero candidate shared LRUs queue was empty
	Num_lfcq_big_private_lists	Snapshot	The current number of very big non-zero candidate private LRU lists
	Num_lfcq_private_lists	Snapshot	The current number of non-zero candidate private LRU lists
	Num_lfcq_shared_lists	Snapshot	The current number of non-zero candidate shared LRU lists
MVCC snapshot	Time_get_snapshot_acquire_time:	Accumulator	Total time consumed by all transactions to get a snapshot
	Count_get_snapshot_retry:	Accumulator	The number of retries to acquire MVCC snapshot
	Time_tran_complete_time:	Accumulator	Time spent to invalidate snapshot and MVCCID on commit/rollback
	Time_get_oldest_mvcc_acquire_time:	Accumulator	Time spend to acquire "global oldest MVCC ID"
	Count_get_oldest_mvcc_retry:	Accumulator	The number of retries to acquire "global oldest MVCC ID"
	Num_mvcc_snapshot_ext	Complex	Number of data page fixes classified by: - snapshot type - insert/delete MVCCID's status - visible/invisible

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

-o options is used to store statistics information of server processing for the database to a specified file.

cubrid statdump -o statdump.log testdb

-c, --cumulative¶

You can display the accumulated operation statistics information of the target database server by using the -c option.

Num_data_page_fix_ext, Num_data_page_unfix_ext, Time_data_page_hold_acquire_time, Time_data_page_fix_acquire_time information can be output only when this option is specified; however, these informations will be omitted because they are for CUBRID Engine developers.

By combining this with the -i option, you can check the operation statistics information at a specified interval.

cubrid statdump -i 5 -c testdb

-s, --substr=STRING¶

You can display statistics about items, the names of which include the specified string by using -s option.

The following example shows how to display statistics about items, the names of which include "data".

cubrid statdump -s data testdb

 *** SERVER EXECUTION STATISTICS ***
Num_data_page_fetches         =          0
Num_data_page_dirties         =          0
Num_data_page_ioreads         =          0
Num_data_page_iowrites        =          0
Num_data_page_flushed         =          0
Num_data_page_private_quota   =        327
Num_data_page_private_count   =        898
Num_data_page_fixed           =          1
Num_data_page_dirty           =          3
Num_data_page_lru1            =        857
Num_data_page_lru2            =        873
Num_data_page_lru3            =        898
Num_data_page_victim_candidate =        898
Num_sort_data_pages           =          0
Vacuum_data_page_buffer_hit_ratio =       0.00
Num_data_page_hash_anchor_waits =          0
Time_data_page_hash_anchor_wait =          0
Num_data_page_writes          =          0
Num_data_page_dirty_to_post_flush =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush   =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush_need_wal =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush_already_flushed =          0
Num_data_page_skipped_flush_fixed_or_hot =          0
Num_data_page_avoid_dealloc   =          0
Num_data_page_avoid_victim    =          0
Num_data_page_fix_ext:
Num_data_page_promote_ext:
Num_data_page_promote_time_ext:
Num_data_page_unfix_ext:
Time_data_page_lock_acquire_time:
Time_data_page_hold_acquire_time:
Time_data_page_fix_acquire_time:

lockdb¶

The cubrid lockdb utility is used to check the information on the lock being used by the current transaction in the database.

cubrid lockdb [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• lockdb: A command used to check the information on the lock being used by the current transaction in the database.
• database_name: The name of the database where lock information of the current transaction is to be checked.

The following example shows how to display lock information of the testdb database on a screen without any option.

cubrid lockdb testdb

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid lockdb utility.

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

The -o option displays the lock information of the testdb database as a output.txt.

cubrid lockdb -o output.txt testdb

*** Lock Table Dump ***
 Lock Escalation at = 100000, Run Deadlock interval = 0

Transaction (index 1, csql, dba@cubriddb|12854)
Isolation COMMITTED READ
Timeout_period : Infinite wait

Object lock Table:
    Current number of objects which are locked = 2001

OID = 0| 62| 5
Object type: Class = athlete.
Num holders = 1, Num blocked-holders= 1, Num waiters = 1
LOCK HOLDERS :
    Tran_index = 1, Granted_mode = IX_LOCK, Count = 1, Nsubgranules = 1
BLOCKED LOCK HOLDERS :
    Tran_index = 2, Granted_mode = SCH_S_LOCK, Count = 1, Nsubgranules = 0
    Blocked_mode = SCH_M_LOCK
                    Start_waiting_at = Wed Feb 3 14:44:31 2016
                    Wait_for_secs = -1
LOCK WAITERS :
    Tran_index = 3, Blocked_mode = SCH_S_LOCK
                    Start_waiting_at = Wed Feb 3 14:45:14 2016
                    Wait_for_secs = -1

OID = 2| 50| 1
Object type: instance of class ( 0| 62| 5) = athlete.
MVCC info: insert ID = 6, delete ID = missing.
Num holders = 1, Num blocked-holders= 1, Num waiters = 1
LOCK HOLDERS :
    Tran_index =   1, Granted_mode =   X_LOCK, Count =   1
LOCK WAITERS :
    Tran_index =   2, Blocked_mode = X_LOCK
                      Start_waiting_at = Wed Feb 3 14:45:14 2016
                      Wait_for_secs = -1

OID = 0| 62| 5
Object type: Class = athlete.
Num holders = 2, Num blocked-holders= 0, Num waiters= 0
LOCK HOLDERS:
Tran_index = 3, Granted_mode = IX_LOCK, Count = 2, Nsubgranules = 0
Tran_index = 1, Granted_mode = IX_LOCK, Count = 3, Nsubgranules = 1
Tran_index = 2, Granted_mode = IX_LOCK, Count = 2, Nsubgranules = 1

tranlist¶

The cubrid tranlist is used to check the transaction information of the target database. Only DBA or DBA group can use this utility.

cubrid tranlist [options] database_name

If you omit the [options], it displays the total information about each transaction.

"cubrid tranlist demodb" outputs the similar result with "cubrid killtran -q demodb", but tranlist outputs more items; "User name" and "Host name". "cubrid tranlist -s demodb" outputs the same result with "cubrid killtran -d demodb".

The following shows what information is displayed when you run "cubrid tranlist demodb".

$ cubrid tranlist demodb

Tran index          User name      Host name      Process id    Program name              Query time    Tran time       Wait for lock holder      SQL_ID       SQL Text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1681    broker1_cub_cas_1               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
   2(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1682    broker1_cub_cas_2               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
   3(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1683    broker1_cub_cas_3               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
   4(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1684    broker1_cub_cas_4               1.80         1.80                  3, 2, 1     e5899a1b76253   update ta set a = 5 where a > 0
   5(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1685    broker1_cub_cas_5               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID: e5899a1b76253
Tran index : 4
update ta set a = 5 where a > 0

In the above example, when each three transaction is running INSERT statement, UPDATE statement is tried to run in the other transaction. In the above, UPDATE statement with "Tran index" 4 waits for the transactions 3,2,1, which are found in "Wait for lock holder", to be ended.

"SQL Text" is SQLs which are stored into the query plan cache; this is printed out as empty when this query's execution is terminated.

Each column's meaning is as following.

• Tran index : the index of transaction
• User name: database user's name
• Host name: host name of CAS which running this transaction
• Process id : client's process id
• Program name : program name of a client
• Query time : total execution time for the running query (unit: second)
• Tran time : total run time for the current transaction (unit: second)
• Wait for lock holder : the list of transactions which own the lock when the current transaction is waiting for a lock
• SQL_ID: an ID for SQL Text
• SQL Text : running SQL text (maximum 30 characters)

Transaction status messages, which are shown on "Tran index", are as follows.

• ACTIVE : active state
• RECOVERY : recovering transaction
• COMMITTED : transaction which is already committed and will be ended soon.
• COMMITTING : transaction which is committing
• ABORTED : transaction which is rolled back and will be ended soon.
• KILLED : transaction which is forcefully killed by the server.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid tranlist utility.

-u, --user=USER¶

USER is DB user's ID to log-in. It only allows DBA and DBA group users.(The default: DBA)

-p, --password=PASSWORD¶

PASSWORD is DB user's password.

-s, --summary¶

This option outputs only summarized information(it omits query execution information or locking information).

$ cubrid tranlist -s demodb

Tran index          User name      Host name      Process id      Program name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1681 broker1_cub_cas_1
   2(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1682 broker1_cub_cas_2
   3(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1683 broker1_cub_cas_3
   4(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1684 broker1_cub_cas_4
   5(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1685 broker1_cub_cas_5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--sort-key=NUMBER¶

This option outputs the ascending values sorted by the NUMBERth column. If the type of the column is the number, it is sorted by the number; if not, it is sorted by the string. If this option is omitted, the output is sorted by "Tran index".

The following is an example which outputs the sorted information by specifying the "Process id", the 4th column.

$ cubrid tranlist --sort-key=4 demodb

Tran index          User name      Host name      Process id    Program name              Query time    Tran time       Wait for lock holder      SQL_ID       SQL Text
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1681    broker1_cub_cas_1               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
   2(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1682    broker1_cub_cas_2               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
   3(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1683    broker1_cub_cas_3               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
   4(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1684    broker1_cub_cas_4               1.80         1.80                  3, 1, 2     e5899a1b76253   update ta set a = 5 where a > 0
   5(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1685    broker1_cub_cas_5               0.00         0.00                       -1     *** empty ***
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID: e5899a1b76253
Tran index : 4
update ta set a = 5 where a > 0

--reverse¶

This option outputs the reversely sorted values.

The following is an example which outputs the reversely sorted values by the "Tran index".

Tran index          User name      Host name      Process id    Program name              Query time    Tran time     Wait for lock holder      SQL_ID       SQL Text
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   5(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1685    broker1_cub_cas_5               0.00         0.00                     -1     *** empty ***
   4(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1684    broker1_cub_cas_4               1.80         1.80                3, 2, 1     e5899a1b76253   update ta set a = 5 where a > 0
   3(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1683    broker1_cub_cas_3               0.00         0.00                     -1     *** empty ***
   2(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1682    broker1_cub_cas_2               0.00         0.00                     -1     *** empty ***
   1(ACTIVE)           public     test-server           1681    broker1_cub_cas_1               0.00         0.00                     -1     *** empty ***
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID: e5899a1b76253
Tran index : 4
update ta set a = 5 where a > 0

killtran¶

The cubrid killtran is used to check transactions or abort specific transaction. Only a DBA can execute this utility.

cubrid killtran [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management
• killtran: A utility that manages transactions for a specified database
• database_name: The name of database whose transactions are to be killed

Some [options] refer to killing specified transactions; others refer to print active transactions. If no option is specified, -d is specified by default so all transactions are displayed on the screen.

cubrid killtran demodb

Tran index      User name   Host name      Process id      Program name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1(ACTIVE)          dba      myhost             664           cub_cas
   2(ACTIVE)          dba      myhost            6700              csql
   3(ACTIVE)          dba      myhost            2188           cub_cas
   4(ACTIVE)          dba      myhost             696              csql
   5(ACTIVE)       public      myhost            6944              csql
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid killtran utility.

-i, --kill-transaction-index=ID1,ID2,ID3¶

This option kills transactions in a specified index. Several transaction indexes can be specified by separating with comma(,). If there is an invalid transaction ID among several IDs, it is ignored.

$ cubrid killtran -i 1 demodb
Ready to kill the following transactions:

Tran index          User name      Host name      Process id      Program name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1(ACTIVE)              DBA         myhost           15771              csql
   2(ACTIVE)              DBA         myhost            2171              csql
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do you wish to proceed ? (Y/N)y
Killing transaction associated with transaction index 1
Killing transaction associated with transaction index 2

--kill-user-name=ID¶

This option kills transactions for a specified OS user ID.

cubrid killtran --kill-user-name=os_user_id demodb

--kill- host-name=HOST¶

This option kills transactions of a specified client host.

cubrid killtran --kill-host-name=myhost demodb

--kill-program-name=NAME¶

This option kills transactions for a specified program.

cubrid killtran --kill-program-name=cub_cas demodb

--kill-sql-id=SQL_ID¶

This option kills transactions for a specified SQL ID.

cubrid killtran --kill-sql-id=5377225ebc75a demodb

-p PASSWORD¶

A value followed by the -p option is a password of the DBA, and should be entered in the prompt.

-q, --query-exec-info¶

The difference with the output of "cubrid tranlist" command is that there are no "User name" column and "Host name" column. See tranlist.

-d, --display¶

This is the default option and it displays the summary of transactions. Its output is the same as the output of "cubrid tranlist" with -s option. See tranlist -s

-f, --force¶

This option omits a prompt to check transactions to be stopped.

cubrid killtran -f -i 1 demodb

checkdb¶

The cubrid checkdb utility is used to check the consistency of a database. You can use cubrid checkdb to identify data structures that are different from indexes by checking the internal physical consistency of the data and log volumes. If the cubrid checkdb utility reveals any inconsistencies, you must try automatic repair by using the --repair option.

cubrid checkdb [options] database_name [table_name1 table_name2 ...]

• cubrid: An integrated utility for CUBRID service and database management.
• checkdb: A utility that checks the data consistency of a specific database.
• database_name: The name of the database whose consistency status will be either checked or restored.
• table_name1 table_name2: List the table names for consistency check or recovery

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid checkdb utility.

-S, --SA-mode¶

This option is used to access a database in standalone, which means it works without processing server; it does not have an argument. If -S is not specified, the system recognizes that a database is running in client/server mode.

cubrid checkdb -S demodb

-C, --CS-mode¶

This option is used to access a database in client/server mode, which means it works in client/server process respectively; it does not have an argument. If -C is not specified, the system recognize that a database is running in client/server mode by default.

cubrid checkdb -C demodb

-r, --repair¶

This option is used to restore an issue if a consistency error occurs in a database.

cubrid checkdb -r demodb

--check-prev-link¶

This option is used to check if there are errors on previous links of an index.

$ cubrid checkdb --check-prev-link demodb

--repair-prev-link¶

This option is used to restore if there are errors on previous links of an index.

$ cubrid checkdb --repair-prev-link demodb

-i, --input-class-file=FILE¶

You can specify tables to check the consistency or to restore, by specifying the -i FILE option or listing the table names after a database name. Both ways can be used together. If a target is not specified, entire database will be a target of consistency check or restoration.

cubrid checkdb demodb tbl1 tbl2
cubrid checkdb -r demodb tbl1 tbl2
cubrid checkdb -r -i table_list.txt demodb tbl1 tbl2

Empty string, tab, carriage return and comma are separators among table names in the table list file specified by -i option. The following example shows the table list file; from t1 to t10, it is recognized as a table for consistency check or restoration.

t1 t2 t3,t4 t5
t6, t7 t8   t9

     t10

--check-file-tracker¶

Check about all pages of all files in file-trackers.

--check-heap¶

Check about all heap-files.

--check-catalog¶

Check the consistency about catalog information.

--check-btree¶

Check the validity about all B-tree indexes.

--check-class-name¶

Check the identical between the hash table of a class name and the class information(oid) brought from a heap file.

--check-btree-entries¶

Check the consistency of all B-tree entries.

-I, --index-name=INDEX_NAME¶

Check if the index specified with this option about checking table. If you use this option, there is no heap validation check. Only one table and one index are permitted when you use this option; if you don't input a table name or input two tables, an error occurs.

diagdb¶

You can check various pieces of internal information on the database with the cubrid diagdb utility. Information provided by cubrid diagdb is helpful in diagnosing the current status of the database or figuring out a problem.

cubrid diagdb options database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management.
• diagdb: A command that is used to check the current storage state of the database by Dumping the information contained in the binary file managed by CUBRID in text format. It normally executes only when the database is in a stopped state. You can check the whole database or the file table, file size, heap size, class name or disk bitmap selectively by using the provided option.
• database_name: The name of the database whose internal information is to be diagnosed.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid diagdb utility.

-d, --dump-type=TYPE¶

This option specifies the output range when you display the information of all files in the demodb database. If any option is not specified, the default value of -1 is used.

cubrid diagdb -d 1 demodb

The utility has 9 types of -d options as follows:

Type	Description
-1	Displays all database information.
1	Displays file table information.
2	Displays file capacity information.
3	Displays heap capacity information.
4	Displays index capacity information.
5	Displays class name information.
6	Displays disk bitmap information.
7	Displays catalog information.
8	Displays log information.
9	Displays heap information.

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

The -o option is used to store information of the parameters used in the server/client process of the database into a specified file. The file is created in the current directory. If the -o option is not specified, the message is displayed on a console screen.

cubrid diagdb -d8 -o logdump_output demodb

--emergency¶

Use --emergency option to suppress recovery. This option is meant ONLY for debugging, if there are recovery issues. It is recommended to backup your database before using this option.

paramdump¶

The cubrid paramdump utility outputs parameter information used in the server/client process.

cubrid paramdump [options] database_name

• cubrid: An integrated utility for the CUBRID service and database management
• paramdump: A utility that outputs parameter information used in the server/client process
• database_name: The name of the database in which parameter information is to be displayed.

The following shows [options] available with the cubrid paramdump utility.

-o, --output-file=FILE¶

The -o option is used to store information of the parameters used in the server/client process of the database into a specified file. The file is created in the current directory. If the -o option is not specified, the message is displayed on a console screen.

cubrid paramdump -o db_output demodb

-b, --both¶

The -b option is used to display parameter information used in server/client process on a console screen. If the -b option is not specified, only server-side information is displayed.

cubrid paramdump -b demodb

-S, --SA-mode¶

This option displays parameter information of the server process in standalone mode.

cubrid paramdump -S demodb

-C, --CS-mode¶

This option displays parameter information of the server process in client/server mode.

cubrid paramdump -C demodb

HA Commands¶

cubrid changemode utility prints or changes the HA mode.

cubrid applyinfo utility prints the information of applied transaction logs in the HA environment.

For more details, see Registering HA to cubrid service.

Locale Commands¶

cubrid genlocale utility compiles the locale information to use. This utility is executed in the make_locale.sh script ( .bat for Windows).

cubrid dumplocale utility dumps the compiled binary locale (CUBRID locale library) file as a human-readable format on the console. It is better to save the output as a file by output redirection.

cubrid synccolldb utility checks if the collations between database and locale library are consistent or not, and synchronize them.

For more detailed usage, see Locale Setting.

Timezone Commands¶

cubrid gen_tz utility has two modes:

• new mode when it compiles the IANA timezone data stored in the tzdata folder into a C source code file. This file is then converted into a .so shared library for Linux or .dll library for Windows using the make_tz.sh (Linux) / make_tz.bat (Windows) scripts.
• extend mode is similar to new but is used when you want to update your timezone data to a different version and ensure backward compatibility with the old data. It is always used with a database name argument. In some situations, when it is impossible to ensure backward compatibility just by merging the two versions of timezone data, an update of the data in the tables of the database is done. It is executed using make_tz.sh -g extend for Linux and make_tz.bat /extend for Windows.

cubrid dump_tz utility dumps the compiled CUBRID timezone library file as a human-readable format on the console. It is better to save the output as a file by output redirection.